MICROORGANISMS

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MICROORGANISMS
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Definitions

• Microorganism microbe, small living plant or
  animal that is not visible to the naked eye.
• Examples bacteria, protozoa, fungi,
  rickettsiae, and viruses.

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Definitions

• Nonpathogens microorganisms that are a part of
  the normal flora of the body and are beneficial
  to maintaining certain body processes.
• Pathogens microorganisms that cause infection
  and disease . (germs)

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From one to another

• Microorganisms that are beneficial in one area
  of the body, can become harmful if they are
  present in another area of the body..
• SO..Nonpathogens can become Pathogens!!
• Example E coli is normal in the large
  intestine..and aid in digestion..BUT if E coli
  is found in the urinary system or blood it causes
  infections.

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Classifications

• Bacteria one celled plants that multiply
  rapidly.
• Protozoa one celled animals found in decayed
  materials and contaminated water.
• Fungi Simple plantlike organisms that live on
  dead organic matter.

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Classifications

• Rickettsiae parasites..cant live outside the
  cells of another organism.
• Viruses smallest living organism, visable only
  with the use of an electron microscope.
• They cant reproduce unless they are inside
  another living cell.

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Examples

• Spirilli spiral shaped.
• Causes cholera and syphilis.

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Examples

• Bacteria
• Cocci- round or spherical shaped, occur in pairs
  chains and clusters.
• Diplococci pair of cocci
• Streptococci chains (think of a strip of cocci)
• Staphlococci Clusters (think of grapes)

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ExamplesBacteria continued

• Bacilli rod shaped, occurs singly, in pairs, or
  in chains. Some contain flagella (threadlike
  projections that are similar to tails that allow
  bacilli to move)
• Able to form spores (thick walled capsules) when
  conditions are poor for growth.
• Extremely difficult to kill!

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Examples

• Protozoa amoeba
• Pathogenic ones cause malaria, amebic dysentery,
  trichomonas, and African sleeping sickness.

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Examples

• Fungi yeast and molds/
• Causes diseases such as ringworm, athletes foot,
  histoplasmosis, and thrush.

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Examples

• Rickettsiae found on fleas, ticks, and lice,
  and mites.
• Causes diseases such as typhus fever, and Rocky
  Mountain spotted fever.

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Examples

• Viruses HIV and HBV
• Spread from human to human by blood and body
  fluids.
• Difficult to kill, resistant to disinfectants,
  and are not usually affected by antibiotics.
• Causes many diseases AIDS, hepatitis B colds,
  measles, mumps, chicken pox, herpes, warts, flu
  and polio

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What they NEED!

• Microorganisms NEED
• Warm environment body temperature is ideal
• Darkness again..inside the body is protected
  from light..some microbes are immediately killed
  by sunlight.
• Moisture and Food blood

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Oxygen vs. Nonoxygen

• Aerobic REQUIRE oxygen.
• Anerobic does NOT REQUIRE oxygen.
• The human body is an ideal supplier of all the
  needs of microorganisms.

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Inside or Outside

• Exogenous infections or disease that originate
  OUTSIDE the body.
• Endogenous infections or disease that originate
  INSIDE the body.
• Example tumors, congenital abnormalities, or
  metabolic disorders.

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Nosocomial

• An infection that originates in the health care
  facility.
• Example
• Post surgical
• Pneumonia

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Chain of Infection

• Causative Agent
• Pathogen
• Reservoir
• Where Pathogen
• lives

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Chain of Infection

• Portal of Exit
• Way to escape the reservoir
• Urine , feces, saliva, blood, tears, mucous
  discharge, sexual secretions,and draining wounds

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