Nutrition and Diet Therapy

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Nutrition and Diet Therapy

• Nutrition plays a large role in determining
• Height
• Weight
• Strength
• Skeletal and muscle development
• Physical agility
• Resistance to disease
• Appetite
• Posture
• Complexion
• Mental ability
• Emotional and psychological health

• Nutrition digestion, metabolism, circulation and
  elimination
• Nutritional Status refers to the state of ones
  nutrition
• Wellness state of good health with optimal body
  function (requires good nutrition

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Immediate effects of good nutrition includes

• Healthy appearance
• Good attitude
• Proper sleep and bowel habits
• High energy level
• Enthusiasm
• Freedom from anxiety

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Good Nutrition may delay or prevent the following

• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Osteoporosis prevented by good nutrition
• Malnutrition
• Obesity
• Anemia

If your neighbor tells you her MD has placed her
on a high protein diet with iron supplements
based on her diet which of the above illness is
her medical problem?
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Essential Nutrients

• Composed of chemical elements found in food.
• Used by the body to perform body functions
• Nutrients in foods replace those used by the body
• Essential nutrients are divided into six groups.

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Carbohydrates
Cellulose indigestible carbohydrate, provides
bulk (bran, whole-grain cereal, fibrous fruits,
veggies

• Major source of human energy
• Starches or sugars
• Easily digested, grow well in most climates, keep
  well without refrigeration
• Main sources bread, cereals, pasta, crackers,
  potatoes, corn peas, fruits, sugars and syrups

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Fats
Aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

• Lipids
• Concentrated form of energy
• Help maintain body temperature by providing
  insulation
• Help cushion organs and bones
• Provide flavor to meals

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Fats Continued

• Main sources butter, margarine, oils, creams,
  fatty meats, cheeses, and egg yolk
• Classified as saturated or poly unsaturated

Excess cholesterol is believed to contribute to
atherosclerosis
Cholesterol fatty substance found in body cells
and animal fats eggs, meat, shellfish, butter
cream, cheese, milk, organ meats
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Proteins

• Build and repair body tissue
• Provide heat and energy
• Help makes antibodies
• Make up to 22 amino acids (9are essential)
• Main sources complete protein meat, fish, milk,
  cheese, eggs,
• Incomplete proteins cereal, soybeans, dry beans,
  peas and peanuts

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Vitamins

• Organic compounds that are essential to life
• Regulate body functions
• Repair body tissues
• Only a small amount required well balanced diet
  provides required vitamins
• Excess or deficiency can cause poor health
• Water soluble or fat soluble

Someone who eats fat free diet could become
deficient in fat-soluble vitamins
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Minerals

• Inorganic (nonliving) elements found in all body
  tissues
• Regulate body functions
• Build and repair body tissues
• They include calcium, phosphorus, sodium,
  potassium, iron, iodine, fluorine and others.

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Water

• Found in all body tissues
• Essential for digestion
• Makes up most of blood plasma
• Helps body tissues absorb nutrient
• Helps move waste material through body

Average person should drink 6-8 glasses of water
a day.
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Utilization of Nutrients

• Digestion- breaks down the foods we eat by 1.
  Mechanical or chemical
• 2. Peristalsis
• Absorption process of taking in nutrients by
  the body
• 1. Most absorption occurs in the small
  intestine
• 2. Water, salts and some vitamins in large
  intestine

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Utilization.

• Metabolism use of nutrients by the body
• 1. Basal Metabolic rate (BMR)

• Measuring Food Energy
• 1. Calorie- the amount of heat produced during
  metabolism
• 2. Most people use an average of 3,500
  calories/day
• 3. To lose wt. a person must take in fewer
  calories then are burned
• 4. To gain weight, a person must take in more
  calories than the body uses.

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Write questions and use the web site to find
answers.
What is a low-residue diet? What is not allowed on a low residue diet? Can you have 7-up on a clear liquid diet? If someone just had surgery the next day what diet would they likely be on?
Someone with chronic esophageal reflux would be placed on what kind of diet? Someone with hyperthyroidism would be on what type of diet? A client wakes up during the night and asks for something to eat. The nurse aide should To prevent dehydration of the client, the nurse aide should
Could a diabetic have chicken broth? What diet would be appropriate for someone with dentures? If a person was retaining fluid what diet would be ordered? A pt. With a healing wound would most likely be put on what type of diet?
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Therapeutic Diets

• http//www.dietsite.com/dt/diets/hearthealthy/lows
  alt.asp
• Regular Liquid Soft
• Diabetic Low Calorie
• High Calorie Low Cholesterol
• Fat-restricted Sodium-restricted
• Protein Bland Low-residue