Hazard Communication

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Hazard Communication Standard
1910.1200
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Subpart Z - Toxic Hazardous Substances
(1910.1000 - 1450)FY2006

• Hazard Communication - Written program

Hazard Communication - Information training
Hazard Communication - Training initially for
new hazards
Standard 1910.
Hazard Communication - Material Safety Data Sheets
Hazard Communication - Label identification
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Objectives

• Hazard Communication Program
• Labels and other forms of warnings
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Information and training
• Health Hazards

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Purpose

• The purpose of the standard is to make sure that
  the hazards of chemicals are evaluated
• That information concerning their hazards is
  communicated to employers and employees

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Who is covered

• OSHAs Hazard Communication (HazCom) standard
  applies to general industry, shipyard, marine
  terminals, longshoring, and construction
  employment and covers chemical manufacturers,
  importers, employers, and employees exposed to
  chemical hazards.

Horizontal
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Background

• The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based
  on a simple concept--that employees have both a
  need and a right to know the hazards and
  identities of the chemicals they are exposed to
  when working

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Need Plant Specific
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Background

• They also need to know what protective measures
  are available to prevent adverse effects from
  occurring
• The HCS is designed to provide employees with the
  information they need

MSDS
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Employer Requirements-Written Program

• Employers must develop a written program that
  covers at least
• Labels and other forms of warnings
• Material Safety Data Sheets
• Employee Information and Training

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Employer Requirements-Written Program

• Employers must develop a written program that
  covers at least
• A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be
  present at the facility along with MSDSs for
  each chemical
• The methods the employer
  will use to inform employees
  of the hazards
  non-routine tasks
• The hazards of chemicals
  in unlabeled pipes

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Multi-Employer Workplaces

• If employees of other employers could be exposed
  to hazardous chemicals the program must include
• Methods to provide contractor employees with
  on-site access to MSDS for each chemical those
  workers may be exposed to
• The methods used to inform other employers of any
  precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
  emergency situations
• The employers chemical labeling system

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Consumer Products Exemption

• Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer
  Product Safety Act where the employer can show
  that
• It is used in the workplace for the purpose
  intended
• The use results in a duration and frequency of
  exposure which is not greater than the range of
  exposures that could reasonably be experienced by
  consumers when used for the purpose intended

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Written Program Availability

• The employer must make the written program
  available, upon request, to
• Employees and their designated representatives
• Where work is carried out at more than one
  location, the program may be kept at the main
  location

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Labels, Tags and Markings

• The employer must ensure that each container of
  hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled,
  tagged or marked with the following
• Identity of the hazardous chemical
• Appropriate hazard warnings
• This above labeling information is required of
  the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that
  the original labels from the manufacturer are on
  all containers and remain legible

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Labels NFPA Diamond

• RED - Flammability
• BLUE - Health
• YELLOW - Reactivity
• WHITE - Special

NFPA National Fire Protection Association
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Labels - Health Hazard

• What the numbers show
• 0 No hazard
• 1 Slight hazard
• 2 Dangerous
• 3 Extreme danger
• 4 Deadly

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Labels Flammability

• What the numbers show
• 0 Will not burn
• 1 Ignites above 200 degrees F
• 2 Ignites below 200 degrees F
• 3 Ignites below 100 degrees F
• 4 Ignites below 73 degrees F

Based on Flash Point the temperature at which a
material gives off enough vapors to sustain
ignition
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Labels - Reactivity

• What the numbers show
• 0 Stable
• 1 Normally Stable
• 2 Unstable
• 3 Explosive
• 4 May detonate

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Labels - Special Hazard

• What the letters show
• OX Oxidizer
• ACID Acid
• ALK Alkali
• COR Corrosive
• W Use No Water
• Radioactive

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Labels - HMIS

• Protective Equipment
• A safety glasses
• B safety glasses gloves
• C safety glasses gloves synthetic apron
• D-Z etc.......

HMIS Hazard Material Information System
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Container Labeling Exemption for Portable
Containers

• The employer is not required to label portable
  containers into which hazardous chemicals are
  transferred from labeled containers, and which
  are intended only for the immediate use by the
  employee who performs the transfer

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The employer need not affix new labels to
comply with the standard if existing labels
already covey the required information
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New Hazard Information

• Manufacturers, importers, distributors and
  employers who become newly aware of significant
  information regarding chemical hazards shall
• Revise the labels for the chemical within three
  months
• Revise the MSDS for the chemical within three
  months

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MSDS kept in other forms

• MSDS may be kept in any form including operating
  procedures
• It may be more appropriate to address the hazards
  of a process rather than individual hazardous
  chemicals

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Employee Information and Training

• Employers must provide employees information and
  training on hazardous chemicals in their work
  area
• At the time of their initial assignment
• Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
  employees have not previously been trained about
  is introduced into their work area
• Training may cover categories of hazards

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Employee Information

• Employers must inform employees
• Of the training requirements of this section
  (1910.1200 (h) Employee information and
  training.)
• Any operations in their work area where hazardous
  chemicals are present
• The location and availability of the written
  hazard communication program

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Employee Training

• Employee training shall include at least
• The means to detect the presence or release of a
  hazardous chemical in the work area
• The physical and health hazards of chemicals in
  the work area
• Measures employees can take to protect themselves
• Details of the employers specific program

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Hazard Definitions
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Chemical ExposureSeverity Duration

• Acute effects usually occur rapidly as a result
  of short-term exposures, and are of short
  duration
• Chronic effects generally occur as a result of
  long-term exposure, and are of long duration

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Corrosive

• Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to
  body tissue
• Acids
• Caustics (or bases)

Caustics (or bases)
pH Scale
Acids
1
7
14
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Routes of Exposure
Inhalation - Absorbtion - Ingestion - Injection -

• Inhalation - most common
• Skin absorption
• Ingestion
• Injection

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Health Hazards

• Toxicity vs. hazard - toxicity is used to
  describe the ability of the substance to cause a
  harmful effect. Everything is toxic at some dose.

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Health Hazards

• Toxicity vs. Dose - There is a balance between
  toxicity and dose. Dose is the amount of
  something the individual is exposed to or comes
  in contact with. The lower the toxicity, the
  greater the dose that can be tolerated without
  ill effects. The greater the toxicity, the lower
  the dose that can be tolerated without ill
  effects.

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Chemical Exposure Limits

• Time Weighted Average (TWA) based on an 8 hour
  day.
• Ceiling Limits based on maximum exposure.
• Exposure Limits are established for all chemicals.

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Health Hazards

• Major Types
• Corrosives - cause tissue damage and burns on
  contact with skin or eyes
• Primary Irritants - cause intense redness or
  swelling of skin or eyes on contact. No
  permanent tissue damage
• Sensitizers - cause an allergic skin or lung
  reaction
• Acutely Toxic Materials - cause an adverse effect
  even at very low doses
• Carcinogens - may cause cancer
• Teratogens - may cause birth defects
• Organ Specific hazards - damage to specific organ
  systems such as liver or lungs

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Health Hazards

• Training and communication - knowing how to work
  safely with chemicals that pose a hazard - i.e.
  bulletins, MSDS, etc.. THE RIGHT TO KNOW
• Environmental monitoring - Industrial Hygiene air
  sampling
• Personal monitoring - check yourself and
  co-workers for symptoms - i.e. skin rashes, eye
  or throat irritation, strong odors

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Chemicals Used During Sanitation

• Detergents
• Disinfectants
• Sterilants

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General Characteristics of Detergents

• ALCOHOLS (Isopropyl or Ethyl Alcohol)
• Wide germicidal activity, non corrosive, but
  poses a fire hazard.
• Limited residual activity due to evaporation.
• Alcohols provide limited activity in the presence
  of organic matter.
• Not considered effective against bacterial or
  fungal spores.
• Excellent for disinfecting instruments or other
  small objects.
• Too expensive for general use in the hatchery.
• Must use as a 70-95 concentration for
  effectiveness.
• HALOGENS (Iodines or hypochlorites)
• Provide wide germicidal activity but are
  corrosive.
• Limited activity when in the presence of organic
  matter.
• Poor residual activity, low toxicity, but may
  stain surfaces.
• Not effective as sporocidal agents.
• Effective at low concentrations for disinfecting
  clean, small objects.
• Low cost but requires frequent applications.

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General Characteristics of Detergents

• QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
• Limited germicidal range.
• Not sporocidal, effective against vegetative
  bacteria, fungi and viruses.
• Reduced efficiency in the presence of organic
  matter.
• Limited effectiveness in soaps, detergents and
  hard water salts.
• Non-irritating, non-corrosive and low toxicity.
• Residual activity is limited by the amount of
  recontamination.
• Good disinfectant for use on cleaned surfaces.
• Low cost.
• PHENOLICS (Single or Multiple)
• Wide germicidal range, not sporocidal.
• Low toxicity and low corrosiveness.
• Very effective in the presence of organic matter.
  
• Good residual activity and deodorizer.
• Low to moderate cost.

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General Characteristics of Detergents

• COAL TAR DISTILLATES ( Cresol and Cresylic Acid) 
• Wide germicidal activity, not sporocidal.
• Corrosive and toxic at high concentrations.
• Excellent residual activity with heavy odor.
• Highly efficient in presence of organic matter.
• Not well suited for use near eggs or chicks due
  to noxious gases.
• Moderately expensive.
• ALDEHYDES (Glutaraldehyde)
• Wide germicidal activity, sporocidal and
  fungicidal.
• Slight to moderate efficiency in presence of
  organic matter.
• Slight residual activity.
• Moderately toxic.
• Moderate cost.

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General Characteristics of Detergents

• OXIDIZING AGENTS (Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium
  Permanganate)
• Moderate to wide germicidal activity, not
  sporocidal.
• Rendered ineffective in the presence of organic
  matter.
• Moderately corrosive, limited toxicity.
• Poor to limited residual activity.
• More valuable as a cleansing and deodorizing
  agent.
• Moderate cost.

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are one of the
most important tools available to employers for
providing information, and protection to workers
from hazardous chemicals which are used in the
workplace.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
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1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required information

• Identity of the chemical
• Physical and chemical characteristics
• Physical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Primary routes of entry
• PELs or other exposure limits
• Control measures
• Emergency procedures

• Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the
  National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report
  on Carcinogens
• precautions for safe handling and use
• Date of preparation
• Name, address and telephone of the manufacturer

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Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of
Labor May be used to comply with Occupational
Safety and Health Administration OSHA's Hazard
Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form) 29
CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for
specific requirements. Form Approved OMB No.
1218-0072 IDENTITY (As Used on Label and
List) Note Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is
available, the space must be marked to indicate
that. Section I Manufacturer's Name Emergency
Telephone Number Address (Number, Street, City,
State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for
Information Date Prepared Signature of
Preparer (optional)
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Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity
Information Hazardous Components (Specific
Chemical Identity Common Name(s)) OSHA
PEL ACGIH TLV Other Limits Recommended (option
al)
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Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O
1) Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting
Point Vapor Density (AIR 1) Evaporation
Rate(Butyl Acetate 1) Solubility in
Water Appearance and Odor
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Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable
Limits LEL UEL Extinguishing
Media Special Fire Fighting
Procedures Unusual Fire and Explosion
Hazards
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Section V - Reactivity Data Stability Unstable C
onditions to Avoid Stable Incompatibility
(Materials to Avoid) Hazardous Decomposition
or Byproducts HazardousPolymerization May
Occur Conditions to Avoid Will Not Occur
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Section VI - Health Hazard Data Route(s) of
Entry Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion? Health
Hazards (Acute and Chronic) Carcinogenicity
NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated? Signs and
Symptoms of Exposure Medical
ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by
Exposure Emergency and First Aid
Procedures
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Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and
Use Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is
Released or Spilled Waste Disposal
Method Precautions to Be taken in Handling and
Storing Other Precautions
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Section VIII - Control Measures Respiratory
Protection (Specify Type) Ventilation Local
Exhaust Special Mechanical (General) Other P
rotective Gloves Eye Protection Other
Protective Clothing or Equipment Work/Hygienic
Practices
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Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

• Compile a complete list of the potentially
  hazardous chemicals in the workplace
• Determine if you have received material safety
  data sheets for all of them
• If any are missing, contact your supplier and
  request one
• You should not allow employees to use any
  chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS

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Health Hazard Controls

• Product substitution
• Ventilation
• PPE

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OSHAs Checklist

• Are employees trained in the safe handling
  practices of hazardous chemicals such as acids,
  caustics, ammonia etc?   Always    Usually
    Sometimes    Never   N/A Comments Is
  employee exposure to chemicals kept within
  acceptable levels?   Always    Usually  
  Sometimes    Never   N/A CommentsAre eye
  wash fountains and safety showers provided in
  areas where corrosive chemicals are handled?  
  Always    Usually   Sometimes    Never  
  N/A Comments Are all containers, such as
  vats, and storage tanks labeled as to their
  contents and with appropriate hazard
  warnings?   Always    Usually   Sometimes 
    Never   N/A Comments Are flammable or
  toxic chemicals kept in closed containers when
  not in use?   Always    Usually  
  Sometimes    Never   N/A Comments Are
  chemical piping systems clearly marked as to
  their content?   Always    Usually  
  Sometimes    Never   N/A Comments Have
  standard operating procedures been established,
  and are they being followed when cleaning up
  chemical spills?   Always    Usually  
  Sometimes    Never   N/A Comments 
• Are employees prohibited from eating in areas
  where hazardous chemicals are present?  
  Always    Usually   Sometimes    Never  
  N/A Comments 

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OSHAs Checklist

• If hazardous substances are used in the
  processes, is there a medical or biological
  monitoring system in operation?   Always   
  Usually   Sometimes    Never   N/A
  Comments Are the employer and employees aware
  of the Threshold Limit Values or Permissible
  Exposure Limits of airborne contaminants and
  physical agents used in your workplace?  
  Always    Usually   Sometimes    Never  
  N/A Comments Have control procedures been
  instituted for hazardous materials, where
  appropriate, such as respirators, ventilation
  systems, and handling practices?   Always   
  Usually   Sometimes    Never   N/A
  Comments Whenever possible, are hazardous
  substances handled in properly designed and
  exhausted booths or similar locations?  
  Always    Usually   Sometimes    Never  
  N/A Comments Do you use general dilution or
  local exhaust ventilation systems to control
  dusts (feathers and feces), vapors, gases, fumes,
  smoke, solvents or mists which may be generated
  in your workplace?   Always    Usually  
  Sometimes    Never   N/A Comments Do
  employees complain about dizziness, headaches,
  nausea, irritation, or other factors of
  discomfort when they are exposed to dusts
  (feathers and feces), vapors, gases, fumes,
  smoke, solvents or mists?   Always   
  Usually   Sometimes    Never   N/A
  Comments 

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OSHAs Checklist

• Is there a dermatitis problem?   Always   
  Usually   Sometimes    Never   N/A
  Comments Do employees complain about dryness,
  irritation, or sensitization of the skin?  
  Always    Usually   Sometimes    Never  
  N/A Comments Has employer utilized an
  industrial hygienist or environmental health
  specialist to evaluate the operation?  
  Always    Usually   Sometimes    Never  
  N/A Comments If internal combustion engines
  are used, is carbon monoxide kept within
  acceptable levels?   Always    Usually  
  Sometimes    Never   N/A Comments Is
  vacuuming used, rather than blowing or sweeping
  dusts whenever possible for clean-up?  Always 
    Usually   Sometimes    Never   N/A
  Comments Are materials which give off toxic,
  asphyxiant, or anesthetic vapors or fumes, stored
  in remote or isolated locations when not in use,
  e.g. bulk ammonia storage?   Always   
  Usually   Sometimes    Never   N/A
  Comments 

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CPL 2-2.38D
CPL 2-2.38D 3/30/98

• March 30, 1998
• Inspection Procedures for the Hazard
  Communication Standard

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Summary

• Manufacturers must assess hazards of chemicals.
• Distributors must transmit hazard information to
  employers.
• Employers must provide information to workers.