STAR of the East

1
CRed
Bedfordshire Renewable Energy Forum 23rd March
2004
Keith Tovey M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE
Climate Change Local Renewable Energy Hard
Choices Ahead
Energy Science Director Low Carbon Innovation
Centre School of Environmental Sciences
University of East Anglia
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Climate and Energy in the East
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Future Global Warming Rates
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Reasons for Concern
I II III
IV V
I Risks to Unique and Threatened Systems
II Risks from Extreme Climatic Events
III Distribution of Impacts
IV Aggregate Impacts
V Risks from Future Large Scale Discontinuities
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Electricity Scenarios for UK and implications on
CO2 emissions.
20 year growth in demand 1.8-2 per annum 2.2 in
2003
Assumptions 20 renewable generation by 2020,
Demand stabilizes at 420 TWH
in 7 years
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Government Response

• Energy White Paper aspiration for 60 cut in
  CO2 emissions by 2050
• Will require unprecedented partnership activity
  in local communities to ensure on track by 2020s
• ( but no indication of how this will be
  undertaken)

There will be much more local generation, in
part from medium to small local/community power
plant, fuelled by locally grown biomass, from
locally generated waste, and from local wind
sources. These will feed local distributed
networks, which can sell excess capacity into the
grid. - Energy White Paper February 2003
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• UK
• Renewables Obligation gt 10.4 by 2010
• in 2003 - 2004 -----4.3, but in practice
  barely 3
• Announced on 11th March 2004 - 3.139 p per
  kWh
• Revision of Building Regulations brought forward

• EU
• Biofuels Directive for Transport
• 2005 (2) gtgtgt 5.75 in 2010
• Carbon Emission Trading - National Allocation
  Plans to be in place by 31st March 2004.

8
Legislative Barriers to Sustainability

• Carbon Emission Trading - UK National Allocation
  Plan
• Several Serious Flaws
• Does not reward Early Action
• Based purely on Historical Emissions
• Should be based (at least in part) on Technology
  employed
• Fails to address issue of improved Load Factors
  of CHP where these are subsequently associated
  with adsorption chilling
• Does not reward efforts towards energy
  conservation in past.
• Restrictions on Grants (Heat Recovery Heat
  Pumps)
• up to 80 of heat energy can be needed for
  ventilation
• excluded from grants unless incorporated in a
  ground loop recovery system.

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Carbon Reduction

• The Community Response
• The CRed Project
• Awareness Raising.
• Technical Solutions
• Renewable Energy
• Energy Conservation

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The CRed ambition

• To engage, enthuse and empower a large, diverse
  community to debate, plan and execute a programme
  to reduce carbon emissions by up to 60 by 2025
• Can a local community take on the responsibility
  for starting to confront the challenge of climate
  change and make a difference?
• Or will it continue to be - someone/somewhere
  else?
• Can we encourage politicians/officials to be
  bolder on our behalf?
• exemplar for the world

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The CRed Community

• Participatory/inclusive
• Partnerships
• Modes of participation (targets/methods)
• Matrix of modes of participation representative
  of real-world complexity
• Spark imaginations
• Centred on Norwich/Norfolk, and East of England,
  but links across the country, the world.

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CRedibility

• School of Environmental Sciences 5
• Climatic Research Unit
• Centre for Environmental Risk
• Centre for Social and Economic Research on the
  Global Environment
• Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research

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The Challenges

• Awareness, perceptions, attitudes, acceptances
• Awareness-raising, demonstration research
  project
• Scientific/technological

Woodys Trucks running on 100 pure Bio-diesel
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Could CRed make a difference?

• I am delighted to see East Anglia take the
  initiative at regional level to achieve deep cuts
  in CO2 emissions, Professor Sir David King
• CRed really can make a difference to the way the
  world approaches this important environmental
  challenge, by providing a focus for real action
  at the community level,
• Alan Raymant, Head of Greengen, Powergen
• One of the best things to have emerged in this
  area in recent years,
• The Lord Bishop of Norwich
• CRed could be an exemplar for the world,
  Michael Meacher

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The Right Language
On average each person in UK causes the emission
of 9 tonnes of CO2 each year.
How many people know what 9 tonnes of CO2 looks
like?
5 hot air balloons per person per year. 300
million each year for UK.
CRed
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Some facts
A mobile phone charger left on even when not
charging up to 25 kg CO2 a year Standby
on television gt 60 kg per year Filling up with
petrol (30 for a full tank)
--------- 90 kg of CO2 (5 of one
balloon) How far does one have to drive in a
small family car (e.g. 1300 cc Toyota Corolla)
emits as much carbon dioxide as heating an old
persons room for 1 hour 1.6 miles
CRed
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Solar Energy - The BroadSol Project
Solar Collectors installed 26th January 2004
Average daily Solar Gain to March 21st 1.6 kWh
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Solar Energy - The BroadSol Project

• BroadSol is a Community based non-profit
  making group consisting of
• Broadland District Council (project management)
• CRed (University of East Anglia) (monitoring)
• CML Contracts (installers)
• Prices kept low ( lt 2000 per unit with Clear
  Skies Grant) by making is a community project
  with people signing up with a deposit in advance.
• 50 installations in Broadland.
• Over-subscribed within 1 hour of launch.
• Installation will be complete by 20th April 2004.

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Solar Energy - The BroadSol Project

• Success of project depended on Local Authority
  and University involvement - seen as
  independent.
• Next Steps
• Monitoring for 12 months will provide REAL
  data on performance - 17 units will be monitored
  at one minute intervals.
• South Norfolk - now a partner for next launch
• Others Norwich, Great Yarmouth
• BroadSol DIY - to be launched as Evening Classes
  in Autumn

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How to use your to beat global warming
University aims to shame ministers into tougher
action Ian Sample, science correspondent -
Wednesday August 27, 2003A group of scientists
in East Anglia has launched an ambitious campaign
to tackle the threat of global warming in an
effort to shame ministers into stronger action on
climate change. The task they have set
themselves is formidable to slash the region's
emissions of carbon dioxide in half the time the
government believes is possible. At first
glance, the project, known as Cred, for carbon
reduction, might easily be dismissed as
well-meaning nonsense. But the team behind it,
Keith Tovey and his colleagues at the University
of East Anglia, belong to the most prestigious
environmental science department in the country.
"If anyone is going to do this, they will," said
Dennis Thouless whose Norwich-based company,
Global Commodities, collects used cooking oil
from local businesses and turns it into fuel.
The Cred project was set up in response to the
government's white paper on energy, published in
February. "The government pledged that they would
be pushing to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by
60 by the year 2050," Dr Tovey said. "It looked
impressive and sounded good, but didn't give any
clues on how to do it. To put it bluntly, there
were too many agendas being thrown around." The
result was a statement of high intention that
lacked any practical guidance. Growing
frustration at the government's dithering has
spurred Dr Tovey's team into action. They have
taken the government's stated target of 60
reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, which
according to the royal commission on
environmental pollution is vital to avoid the
adverse effects of climate change, and pledged
that East Anglia would meet it in half the time.
"If we can show that the people here can achieve
this target by 2025, we can turn around and say
to everybody else, 'What's your excuse?'" Dr
Tovey said. Enthusiasm for the project has
snowballed. Local businesses have submitted
themselves to scrutiny, to see how much
electricity they are wasting. School children
have had crash courses in saving energy. Night
classes have been set up to teach people the fine
art of making solar cells that, strapped to their
roofs, will give hot water. Others have gone one
step further and installed silicon-based panels
on their roofs that convert sunlight into
electricity. Dr Tovey is talking to the Diocese
of Norwich to try to get the Anglican church on
board. "East Anglia has more than 600 churches,"
he said. "Because churches are all built running
east to west, it means they've got a huge area of
roof that's facing south, so they're perfect for
catching the sun." "It would be very hard not to
agree with the aims of the Cred project," said
the Rev Jan MacFarlane, the Bishop of Norwich's
chaplain. "And if there's a possibility of
generating some income, why not?" But Dr Tovey
knows that slashing carbon dioxide in East Anglia
will have little impact on global climate change.
The people of East Anglia produce 6.5m tonnes of
carbon dioxide a year, against the 500m tonnes
produced by the UK as a whole. "To make a real
difference, the US will have to be doing this,
but that will happen when they realise there is
money to be made doing this." Word of the
project is spreading beyond East Anglia. The
Bishop of Hereford has expressed an interest. A
delegation from Japan which visited the Cred team
may set up a similar project. The biggest threat
to success now, the scientists believe, is that
people's enthusiasm dries up as the novelty wears
off. Dr Tovey said "There's always a chance we
will fail. But if we fail, it can't be said we
haven't tried."
Enthusiasm for the project has snowballed. Local
businesses have submitted themselves to scrutiny,
to see how much electricity they are wasting.
School children have had crash courses in saving
energy. Night classes have been set up to teach
people the fine art of making solar cells that,
strapped to their roofs, will give hot water.
Others have gone one step further and installed
silicon-based panels on their roofs that convert
sunlight into electricity. Dr Tovey is talking
to the Diocese of Norwich to try to get the
Anglican church on board. "East Anglia has more
than 600 churches," he said. "Because churches
are all built running east to west, it means
they've got a huge area of roof that's facing
south, so they're perfect for catching the sun."
"It would be very hard not to agree with the
aims of the Cred project," said the Rev Jan
MacFarlane, the Bishop of Norwich's chaplain.
"And if there's a possibility of generating some
income, why not?"
Cred
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Effet de serre  East Anglia montre
lexemplelundi 15 septembre 2003, par collecte
CND R.E. Un groupe de scientifiques de
luniversité dEast Anglia, à lEst de
lAngleterre, a lancé une campagne pour accélérer
la réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone
de la région. Baptisée CRed (pour Carbon
Reduction Project), cette initiative ambitionne
daller deux fois plus vite que les prévisions
gouvernementales. Le projet a été lancé en
réaction au livre blanc sur lénergie publié en
février dans lequel le gouvernement sétait fixé
comme objectif une diminution de 60 des
émissions de ce polluant dici 2050. Les
responsables de CRed veulent y parvenir dès 2025.
Pour cela, Keith Tovey et ses collègues ont
réussi à mobiliser entreprises locales et
particuliers pour faire des économies dénergie
et installer des panneaux photovoltaïques sur les
toits. La prochaine étape consiste à rallier
lEglise anglicane à leur cause. Exposées plein
sud, les églises ont en effet de larges toitures
qui peuvent capter lénergie du soleil. Or, la
région dEast Anglia compte plus de 600
chapelles. Si les scientifiques sont conscients
du peu dimpact sur le changement climatique de
leur action, ils comptent cependant provoquer
dautres initiatives. Une délégation japonaise
est déjà intéressée par le projet. En France,
la commune de Chalon-sur-Saône a déjà mis en
place une action similaire pour réaliser en trois
ans lengagement de réduction des émissions de
gaz à effet de serre pris par lEurope sur dix
ans. Pour lire notre article sur linitiative de
Chalon-sur-Saône.
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ecologia e ambiente SULLEFFETTO SERRA LEAST
ANGLIA DA LESEMPIO dalla redazione di
Bruxelles Bruxelles, 15 settembre - Un gruppo di
scienziati delluniversità di East Anglia
(Inghilterra) ha lanciato una campagna per
accelerare la riduzione delle emissioni di
anidride carbonica della regione. Battezzato CRed
(Carbon Reduction Project), liniziativa ha
lambizione di andare due volte più veloce delle
previsioni governative. Il progetto
(http//www.cred-uk.org/index.aspx) è stato
lanciato il reazione al Libro Bianco sullenergia
pubblicato in febbraio nel quale il governo
britannico aveva fissato come obiettivo una
diminuzione del 60 delle emissioni di CO2 entro
il 2025. Per riuscire nellimpresa, Keith Tovey
e i suoi colleghi sono riusciti a mobilitare le
aziende locali e i cittadini per avviare
programmi di efficienza e risparmio energetico e
installare pannelli fotovoltaici. La prossima
tappa consiste nel convincere la Chiesa anglicana
a dar loro il suo sostegno. Esposte in pieno sud,
le chiese hanno infatti grandi tetti che sono
ideali per installare impianti che captano
energia solare, e nella regione di East Anglia ci
sono più di 600 tra chiese e cappelle. Benché gli
scienziati siano coscienti dello scarso impatto
della loro iniziativa sul cambiamento climatico,
contano tuttavia di promuovere altre iniziative.
Una delegazione giapponese si è già interessata
al progetto. Indice ecologia e ambiente
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Ida-Anglia näitab maailmale eeskuju
süsihappegaasierituse piiramisel 27/08/03
074956Arni Alandi Rühm Suurbritannia
Ida-Anglia teadlasi algatas suurejoonelise
kampaania tulemaks toime üleilmse
kliimasoojenemise ohuga ning häbistamaks
ministreid, kes kliimamuutuse ärahoidmiseks liiga
vähe ette on võtnud. Teadlased on endale
püstitanud aukartustäratava ülesande vähendada
piirkonna süsihappegaasi õhkupaiskamist poole
lühema aja jooksul valitsuse määratud graafikust.
Esmapilgul võib Credi nime kandev projekt
tunduda mittemidagiütleva mõttetusena.
Ühendkuningriigi teadlased usuvad, et nii see
siiski pole, sest projekti taga seisavad väga
väärikad ja tunnustatud teadlased. Ida-Anglia
ülikooli keskkonnateaduste õppetooli peetakse
parimaks omataoliseks kogu Suurbritannias.
Kateedrit juhivad Keith Tovey ja tema kolleegid.
Kui keegi nii julge lubaduse täitmisega
hakkama saab, siis just Tovey rühm on Dennis
Thouless, firma Global Commodities juht, kindel.
Thoulessi firma kogub kohalikelt ettevõtteilt
kasutatud toiduõli, et seda autokütuseks
töödelda. Cred loodi vastusena valitsuse
veebruaris välja antud valgele
energeetikapaberile. Dokumendis tõotab valitsus
vähendada süsihappegaasieritust 2050. aastaks 60
protsendi võrra. Tovey sõnul on valitsuse
valgele paberile kirja pandud üsna kenad mõtted
ja kogu dokument kõlab hästi. Paraku pole
kodanikele antud ühtki juhist, kuidas kirjapandud
kauneid mõtteid ellu viia. Et segadust veelgi
suurendada, on valge paberi sihtide
saavutamiseks üheaegselt käibel mitmeid
tegevuskavu. Tagajärjeks on väga suur tähelepanu
kasvuhoonegaasiemissioonide vähendamisele
samaaegselt igasuguste praktiliste juhiste
puudumisega.
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(No Transcript)
25
Wind Turbines at UEA?
Yare Valley Society have been universally opposed
to any development in Yare Valley. BUT Using a
careful consultation, opinions changed.
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Emphasised turbines from Broad
On their questionnaire - 21 voted 50 in favour
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Difficult Choices Ahead
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Difficult Choices Ahead
Options for Electricity Generation in 2020 -
Non-Renewable Methods
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Options for Electricity Generation in 2020 -
Renewable
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Our Choices They are difficult

• Do we want to exploit available renewables i.e
  onshore/offshore wind and biomass.
• If our answer is NO
• Do we want to see a renewal of nuclear power
• Are we happy on this and the
  other attendant risks?

• If our answer is NO
• Do we want to return to using coal?
• then carbon dioxide emissions will rise
  significantly
• unless we can develop carbon sequestration
  within 10 years which is unlikely

If our answer to coal is NO Do we want to leave
things are they are and see continued
exploitation of gas for both heating and
electricity generation? gtgtgtgtgtgt
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Our Choices They are difficult

• If our answer is YES
• By 2020
• we will be dependent on around 70 of our
  heating and electricity from GAS
• imported from countries like Russia, Iran,
  Iraq, Libya, Algeria
• Are we happy with this prospect? gtgtgtgtgtgt

If not We need even more substantial cuts in
energy use. Or are we prepared to sacrifice our
future to effects of Global Warming?
Do we wish to reconsider our stance on
renewables? Inaction or delays in decision making
will lead us down the GAS option route and all
the attendant Security issues that raises.
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Our Choices They are difficult
A diverse supply of renewables across the
country will provide security.
BUT Arent Renewables unreliable? we need
secure supply

• A diverse renewable supply will be local
• less prone to cascade power cuts
• Conventional generation is based on large
  units 500 660 MW
• Failure of one of these requires much greater
  backup
• Localised generation reduces
  transmission/distribution losses

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The Future

• Sustainable Technology And Renewability
• STAR of the EAST
• An integration of ideas
• Awareness about Climate Change and Energy Issues
• A demonstration integrated Renewable Power
  Station.
• A Research facility for cutting edge technology
• A centre for Industries of the Future
• A Tourist attraction
• A link for the Region
• A Conference Venue for Sustainability

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Detailed Aerial Photograph
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Star of the East
Alsop Arhitects
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Star of the East
Alsop Arhitects
37
Star of the East
Alsop Arhitects
38
View from Thorpe Station The STAR will be 50
higher than the pylons which will be demolished
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Sustainable Technology And Renewablility
The Star of the EAST
Write to EEDA in Support of the STAR by next
MONDAY
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What is CRed doing - will you become a partner?
Will you pledge to reduce Carbon Dioxide? As an
Individual, the pledge might be a small
challenge for an Organisation, it might be a
large one. Visit the CRed Website www.cred-uk.org
to pledge on-line This presentation will be on
the WEB from 24th March at www2.env.uea.ac.uk/cred
/creduea.htm Keith Tovey k.tovey_at_uea.ac.uk
Diocese of Norwich
Global Commodities
Your Energy Grp
Rainbow foods
Strattons
Whitby Bird
BroadLand D.C.
Powergen
Liftshare
Deepdale Farm
Norwich City FC
SLP Energy
Suffolk County Council
Norwich Union
Amicus
Woodys
CML Contractors
Eastern Heatpumps
Camelot Craft
Kingswood School
EBC Ltd.
Norfolk County Council
EEDA
Norwich 21
Fielden Mawson
Eastern Daily Press
Farmers link
Creative Construction
Norwich City Council
May Gurney
The Broads Authority.
SERCO
LEA
EEEGr
Foodlink
Sth Norfolk D. C.
Alpha Schools
BPS
100
The RSPB
SUSTRANS
R.Bilbie
Amicus
AEEAC
Jarvis
LSI
SMS
EDP