Biofuels

1
Biofuels

• The Future
• By Matt Waldman

2
Vocabulary

• Ponscum

• Biofuel
• Global Warming
• Food vs. Fuel
• Flex Fuel Vehicle(FFV)

3
The Issue

• Gas prices are at an all time high. (Easy oil is
  gone!)
• Fossil fuels are running out.
• Some middle class families cannot afford gas.
• Taxes dont help either.

David Kiley www.businessweek.com/.../01/ford_bank
ing_on.html
4
The Issue Continued.

• The theory of Global Warming.
• Very substantial evidence concluding the theory.
• Biofuel use would increase national energy
  security rural development.

www.des.state.nh.us/ARD/ClimateChange/science.htm
5
The issue continued

• Biofuel prodcution has raised prices of corn.
  (Food security)
• Driving up world food prices.

6
The issue

• May cause problems in car parts. (older cars)
• Each biofuel has certain problems.

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MZ-10 Biodiesel Ethanol Yields Feedstock
Yield (g/acre)
Yield (gge/acre) African Palm Oil
635
668 Coconut Palm Oil
287
302 Avocado Oil
282
297 Jatropha Oil
202
213 Rapeseed Oil
127
134 Mustard Seed Oil
61
64 Soybean Oil
48
51 Algae Oil
500-20,000
526-21,052 Sugar Beet
714
476 Sugar Cane
662
441 Sweet Potato
613
409 Cassava
410
273 Sweet Sorghum
374
249 Corn Grain
354
236 Wheat
277
185 Corn
Stover 100

67 Pahl 2005 http//www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/e
thanol_yield_calculator.html
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The issue

• Should biofuels be used as an alternative to
  Gasoline and other petroleum energy sources, or
  should Connecticut and the rest of the world
  develop other natural resource methods in order
  to wean off of petroleum energy?

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Historical Timeline

• In 1896, Henry Ford built his first automobile to
  run on pure ethanol. (Quadricycle)
• In 1900, Diesel engine was invented
• Ford also built his first flex fuel car in
  1908. (Model T)
• In Early 1990s, millions of gallons of ethanol
  were used during war.
• early 1900s, large supplies of crude oil were
  discovered in Pennsylvania and Texas.
• Gasoline was then used as the fuel of choice
  because of its cheaper price.

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Historic Timeline continued

• Mid 1940s, ethanol was again used increasingly
  during war.
• 1950s, ethanol usage drastically decreased.
• 1970s, fuel shortages lead to a revived interest
  in biodiesel by consumers, but the government
  hustles to subsidize the petroleum market.
  Maintains its rep as an "alternative" fuel.
• 1980, 50 millions gallons of ethanol are
  produced.
• 1985, Ford Motor Co. manufactures the first
  flex-fuel vehicles capable of running on gas,
  ethanol, or methanol.

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Historical timeline continued

• 2000, renewed interest in biofuels has been.
  (High oil prices, global warming, ect.)
• 2001, Flex Fuel vehicles (FFV) start to be
  produced in the United States.
• 2007, over 6 million FFVs running in the U.S.
• March 2008, approximately 1600 ethanol (E85)
  stations have been built in the U.S.

14
http//weber.ucsd.edu/jkohara/Biofuels_10_13_06.p
df
http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed
/FLAG_POLICY_DURING_THE_1973_oil_crisis.gif
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Scope of Issue

• Geographical
• Economical
• Societal

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Measures taken to amend the issue

• Three biodiesel plants were constructed in CTs
  attempt to catch up with biofuels. (Fuel
  previously unavailable)
• The Connecticut Center for Advanced
• Technology offered 5 mil in gov. grants.

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Which Side Do I Chose?

• I am for developing biofuels and choosing them as
  the primary energy source to take fossil fuels
  places.
• If The U.S. puts the right programs using the
  right generation of biofuels into place, than in
  less than a 15 years, biofuels will stand as the
  new primary energy source.

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Mandate 1

• CT doesnt have much to offer when it comes to
  biofuels. (Very few fuel sites)
• Not climate oriented for growth. (Algae)
• Not cost effective to buy biofuels from other
  states or countries.

http//www.smartcompany.com.au/Media/images/art-al
gae-f09ed0f5-a431-4f7b-9a9d-846d5883facf.jpg
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Mandate 1

• CT must have a certain number of Algae plants by
  2015
• Algae is most profitable and can be grown in CTs
  climate.

http//www.ccsu.edu/admaffairs/j03626495B15D.jpg
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Mandate 1

• The economy state is strong.
• low unemployment rates.
• Income of state residents in one of the highest
  in the country.
• 43,173 average income

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Mandate 1

• In order to gain money to build and run plants,
  an extra tax must be put onto certain products.
• Wealthy families will have higher costs than
  lower class families.
• 200 acres of land should be planned out for
  implementation of plan.
• By, 2012 or 2013, the building of these plants
  will be started.
• By 2015, CT will be able to supply the state with
  biodiesel for automobiles.

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Mandate 2

• Creating fuel centers to distribute biofuel.
• By 2018 there must be 10-15 distribution centers
  spread throughout the state.
• By 2020 there must be 20
• The government must give CT companies tax breaks.
  (Construction, engineering, ect)
• The government must also not pursue any other
  biofuel than algae.

http//i.treehugger.com/files/b20.jpg
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Mandate 2

• Economy provides safe environment for
  development.
• The high average income allows the government to
  tax the wealthy and big companies who in turn
  receive tax breaks.
• People will be more willing to comply if they can
  be shown that they will benefit in the long run

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Mandate 3

• The cars that run on this biofuel must be put on
  the production line by 2012.(GM)
• By 2020 half of the residents in the state must
  have one of these cars.
• In order to help the U.S. economy, there must be
  no foreign car importing.
• Everyone benefits if money stays in country.

http//www.treehugger.com/solazyme-test-car-b100.j
pg
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Mandate 3

• The American Motor companies will make the cars
  with a guarantee that people will buy them.
• People must comply. (Cheap Cars)
• Car companies sell cars for cheaper price,
  because of government help.
• Profit within 10 years of the completed plan.

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video

• http//www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology
  /biofuels/

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Bibliography

• Riminton, Hugh. Green Blog Drinking from a fuel
  tank? Makes sense to me. Riminton, Hugh.
  7/1/2008 CNN.com/Asia httpwww.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/
  asiapcf/07/01/green.hughblog3/index.htnl
• Obrien, Miles. Pinescum Without Pine. Obrien,
  Miles. 2008. Cnn.com http//www.alternative-energy
  -news.info/technology/biofuels/
• Zauscher, Melanie. Biofuels History, Current
  Use and policy. http//weber.ucsd.edu/jkohara/Bi
  ofuels_10_13_06.pdf
• Pahl, G. (2005), Biodiesel Growing a New
  Economy, Chelsea Green.
• Schubert, C. (2006), Can Biofuels Finally take
  Center Stage Nature Biotechnology 24 (7).

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Bibliography

• Lewis, Leo. Biofuels Make Useful villain for
  food crisis The Times. June 4,
  2008http//www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/ar
  ticle4061208.ece
• Burkhalter, Sarah K. A Lighthearted Look at
  Biofuels Through Time. December 4, 2006.
  http//www.grist.org/news/maindish/2006/12/04/hist
  ory/

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Bibliography

• Treehugger.com
• http//www.treehugger.com/solazyme-test-car-b100.
  jpg
• End of Cheap Food. Economist. Dec 6, 2007.
  http//www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?
  story_id10252015