Organization Development

1

• Lecture 43

2
Organization Development

• OD is a planned and sustained effort to apply
  behavioral science for system improvement, using
  reflextive,self analytic methods.
• (Schmuck and Miles ,1971)

3
Organization Development

• OD is a process of planned change ,change of an
  organization culture from one which avoid an
  examination of social processes to one which
  institutionalizes and legitimizes this
  examination
• (Burke and Hornstein, 1972)

4

• OD Model

5

• Burke-Litwin model of Organisational Change
• - Can be applied to both individual and
  organisational performance.
• The model shows how to create first order change
  and second order change
• The model distinguishes organisational climate
  and organisational culture. Organisational
  climate is defined as peoples perception and
  attitude about the organisation whether it is
  good or bad , friendly or unfriendly, hard
  working or easy going.
• These perceptions are relatively easier to change
  because they are built on employees reaction to
  current organisational and managerial practices.
• While organisation culture is defined as deep
  seated values and beliefs that are enduring
  assumptions, often unconscious, and difficult to
  change.
• Changing culture is much more difficult than
  changing climate.

6

• The basic premise of the Burke-Litwin Model is
• Interventions directed toward structure,
  management practices, and systems (policies and
  procedures) result in first order change.
• 2. Interventions directed toward mission
  and strategy, leadership and organisational
  culture result in second order change
• The model also make a distinction
  between transaction and transformational
  leadership style. Transformational leaders are
  those who inspires followers to transcend their
  self interest for the good of the organisation
  and who are capable of having a profound extra
  ordinary effect on their followers. While
  transactional leaders guide their followers in
  the direction of established goals by clarifying
  role and task requirements.