Definition of Life

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Definition of Life Classifying it
The properties or qualities that distinguishes
living organisms from dead organisms and
inanimate matter are the living functions. They
are
Non-living things do not possess these functions.

• Nutrition
• Transport
• Respiration
• Excretion
• Synthesis
• Regulation
• Growth
• Reproduction

Living
Non-living
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Nutrition- the activities of an organism by which
it obtains materials from its environment and
processes them for its use
Synthesis chemical activities by which large
molecules are built from smaller ones
Regulation the control and coordination of the
various activities of an organism
Transport the absorption and distribution of
materials within an organism
Growth an increase in cell size or numbers
Respiration processes which provide the energy
necessary for maintenance of all the life
functions
Reproduction involves the production of new
individuals. Species survival is dependant on
this.
Excretion the removal of cellular waste products
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Metabolism is the total of all of the
functions/activities needed to sustain life.
Homeostasis Life functions are carried out by
an organism in a way that results in the
maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis means stability and balance in the
organism.
In order to study the unity and diversity of life
in an organized manner, biologists must classify
organisms. The most recent way to classify life
is into 6 (new kingdom is controversial)
kingdoms. The system is called Taxonomy. Each
kingdom is divided into phyla, which
distinguishes different structures.
This modern system of classification was created
by Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778). It is called
bionomial nomenclature.
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Taxonomy Rules

• Names must be Latin or Latinized and are printed
  in italics. Like everything else printed in
  italics, they are underlined when handwritten.
• The genus name (the Homo in Homo sapiens) is
  capitalized and must be a single word.
• The species name ( sapiens in Homo sapiens) can
  be either a single word or a compound word (a new
  word made up of two words).
• 4. Credit for authorship of names will be given
  to the person who first publishes it with an
  accurate and recognizable description of the
  organism.

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Linnaeus came up with a hierarchy of ways to
classify plants and animals. The different levels
are called taxa. The different taxa
are Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Genus Species Kingdom is the broadest of the
taxa, all animals are in Kingdom Animalia. All
plants are in Kingdom Plantae. Phyla are slightly
less broad. There are usually a few phyla in each
kingdom. Species is the most restricted. King
Philip Came Over For Good Soup
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Kingdom Name Characteristics
Monera Most primitive cell structure no cell membrane NO NUCLEUS
Protista Mostly unicellular plant or animal characteristics
Fungi Organized cells multinucleated absorb digested food
Plant Multicellular photosynthetic
Animal Multicellular ingest food possess movement
Archaea (This is the new Kingdom. It will not be on your test) Unicellular.  Adapted to unusual and/or extreme conditions, such as very hot, very salty, or no-oxygen environments
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Kingdoms and Phylums
Kingdom Monera 1. Phylum Blue Green
Algae photosynthetic have ribosomes produce
oxygen 2. Phylum Bacteria decomposers
pathogens has cell walls
Escherichia coli bacteria
Bleu Green Algae
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Kingdoms and Phylums continued
Kingdom Protista 1. Phylum Protozoa mostly
unicellular animal-like movement and
nutrition 2. Phylum Algae unicellular
colonizes photosynthetic has cell walls 3.
Phylum Slime Mold similar to protozoa
reproduce by spores
Slime Mold
Red Algae
Protozoa Amoeba
Protozoa Paramecium
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Kingdoms and Phylums continued
Kingdom Fungi. No Phylums
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Kingdoms and Phylums continued
Kingdom Plant 1. Phylum Bryophytes no
vascular tissue, roots, stems, or leaves
moss
2. Phylum Tracheophytes has vascular tissue,
roots, stems, and leaves
This Phylum contains the trees and flowering
plants
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Kingdoms and Phylums continued
hydra
Kingdom Animal

• Phylum Coelenterates (hydra, jellyfish)
• two cell layers hollow body cavity non-moving
• 2.Phylum Annelids (earthworm, leech)
• worms with segmented bodies openings on both
  ends

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Kingdoms and Phylums continued

• Phylum Arthropods (grasshopper, spiders, lobster)
• segmented body jointed appendages (legs)
• exoskeleton

• Phylum Chordates
• dorsal nerve cord

Sub-Phylum Vertebrata Has a true
backbone (mammals, frogs, birds, fish, sharks)