Intro. to Behavioral Endocrinology, Third Edition

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Chapter 7 Parental Care Behaviors
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7.1 Some species provide little or no parental
care
Little or no parental care provided by salmon,
but female Nile crocodiles do provide parental
care.
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7.3 The extent and nature of parental care
depends on the development of the offspring
Precocial young are young that are born almost as
small adult forms. Semi-precocial are young
that are able to thermoregulate, but still need
significant help. Altricial young are born as
a non-independent form that requires significant
nurturing.
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7.4 Females of many species provide their
offspring with food, shelter, and protection from
harm
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7.5 Biparental care is common in birds
Biparental care can be quite varied. Nest
building, incubation, feeding and protection. In
some cases the cares given can be equally shared
between the sexes, but often one sex predominates
particular behaviors.
Birds often have assistants as well to help in
care these are called alloparents.
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7.8 Generalized endocrine profile of temperate
zone birds
Key things to identify sex hormone surges
associated with courtship behavior, and the
surges in prolactin that accompany incubation and
into early hatching.
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7.9 Prolactin, crop development and contents,
and parental food intake are related in ring doves
The difference between the peak of prolactin and
the peak of the crop weight is an indication of
the differences in crop food being provided to
the young. During days of higher prolactin and
crop weight, the food is mainly crop milk, but
gradually becomes more seeds and insects.
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7.10 Prolactin concentrations are correlated
with the amount of care provided to nestlings
(Part 1)
In males, the breeders have higher prolactin
levels than the helper males.
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7.10 Prolactin concentrations are correlated
with the amount of care provided to nestlings
(Part 2)
Likewise, in females the breeders have higher
prolactin levels than the helpers.
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7.13 Rat maternal care has three major components
Components Licking - to clean and to
encourage voiding Nursing Behavior a posture
to allow access to teats. Gathering Behavior -
to bring pups back to the nest.
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7.17 Latency to maternal behavior in rats
Nulliparous - having never given birth to
offspring. Primiparous experiencing a first
pregnancy and birth
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7.18 Hormone profile during pregnancy in rats
and humans (Part 1)
rPL Placental lactogen. Acts like prolacting
and growth hormone stimulating fetal growth and
also mammary gland development in the parental
female.
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7.18 Hormone profile during pregnancy in rats
and humans (Part 2)
Human prolactin levels remain high until well
after delivery.
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7.19 A blood-borne factor induces maternal
behavior
Parabiosis experiment identifying hormone
responsible for maternal behavior.
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Biparental care in the Convict Cichlid.
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7.20 Motherinfant contact decreases over time
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7.21 Thermoregulation in rat pups
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7.25 Hedonic ratings of own infants odors are
positively correlated with mothers cortisol
levels
Hedonics - the branch of biopsychology concerned
with the study of pleasant and unpleasant
sensations. Hedonic rating techniques are also
widely and usefully employed by researchers in
marketing and consumer science to elicit
preference information about food products.
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7.26 Estrogen-to-progesterone ratios influence
maternal behavior
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7.27 California mouse fathers show increased
prolactin concentrations
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7.28 Testosterone is necessary for paternal care
in California mice
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7.29 Human fathers display reduced testosterone
and cortisol concentrations
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7.30 Lateral projections from the medial
preoptic area are critical in rat maternal
behavior (Part 1)
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7.31 Schematic drawing of c-Fos-labeled cells in
the MPOA of female rats
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7.32 The vomeronasal organMPOA pathway
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7.33 Latency to maternal behavior is reduced
after lesions to the chemosensory organs
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7.34 Estradiol receptors in the rat POA
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7.35 Effects of parental behavior on MPOA volume
in the California mouse
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Box 7.4 Offspring Behavior and the Maintenance
of Maternal Behavior
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Chapter 7 Supplement Color Change, and the
Hormone that Control Color Change. The convict
cichlid (Chiclosoma nigrofasciatum or Amatitlania
nigrofasciata) is the species of fish that
develops the orange spot that we have seen in the
ovulating female
This color change is guided by hormone secretion
from the pars intermedia.
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Corticotrophin like intermediate lobe peptide a
peptide hormone that is associated with
cyclicity.
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It is reflected light that enters the eye of the
chameleon that will induce the changes to the
pars intermedia to affect melanophores
(melanocytes).
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Albedo is a measure of how strongly an object
reflects light. It is therefore a more specific
form of the term reflectivity that is associated
with light measurements.
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As shown, the darker, low albedo environment
reflects little light.
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This is the green anole.