MENTAL HEALTH

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MENTAL HEALTH

• Presentation by
• DR. VIOLET (de Sa) PINTO
• Lecturer, Department of PSM

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(No Transcript)
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Objectives

• At the end of the session the student shall have
• knowledge of
• Problem statement and overview of types and
  causes of mental illnesses.
• Preventive aspects of mental illneses , i.e.
  primary , secondary and tertiary prevention
• Crucial points in life cycle with regards to
  Mental health
• Components of Mental Health Services

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• Definition of health
• Mentally ill possessed by devils
• 1930s, 1040s, insulin coma therapy,
  electric shock, treatment of patients in
  hospitals.
• 450 million suffering from neuropsychiatric
  disorders esp. depressive illness.
• Over 50 mental health complaints.
• Next highest ranking of DALYs
• Acceptability of treatment, stigma attached

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CHARACTERISICS OF MENTALLY SOUND PERSON

• Feels comfortable about himself.
• Feels right towards others
• Is able to meet the demands of life- does
  something about problems, shoulders
  responsibilities, not bowled over by emotions.

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WARNING SIGNS

• Some important questions
• Are you always worrying?
• Are you unable to concentrate because of
  unrecognized reasons?
• Are you continually unhappy because of some
  unjustified cause?
• Do you lose your temper easily often?
• Are you troubled by regular insomnia?
• Do you have wide fluctuations of mood which
  incapacitate you?
• Do you continually dislike to be with people?
• Are you upset if the routine of your life is
  disturbed?
• Are your children continually getting on your
  nerves.?
• Do you have various aches and pains for which no
  doctor can find a physical cause?.................
  etc.

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TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESSES

• Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders.
• Mental and behavioral disorders due to
  psychoactive substances.
• Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional
  disorders.
• Mood disorders.
• Neurotic , stress related and somatiform
  disorders
• Behavioral syndromes associated with
  psychological disturbances and physical factors

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TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESSES

• Disorders of adult personality and behavior
• Mental retardation
• Disorders of psychological development
• Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset
  usually in childhood adolescence
• Unspecified mental disorders

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Broadly 2 types

• MINOR
• 1) Neurosis or
  
• psychoneurosis
• 2) Personality
• character disorders

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CAUSES
HEREDITARY
ORGANIC
SOCIAL PATHOLOGICAL CAUSES
ENVIRONMENTAL
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CRUCIAL POINTS IN LIFE CYCLE

• PRENATAL PERIOD
• FIRST 5 YEARS OF LIFE
• SCHOOL CHILD
• ADOLESCENCE
• OLD AGE

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PREVENTIVE ASPECTS

• PRIMARY
• Operates on a community basis
• improving social environment
• Better living conditions, improved health
  welfare resources in community

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SECONDARY

• SCREENING PROGRAMMES-
• schools, universities, industries, recreation
  centers- provision of facilities and effective
  community resources.
• FAMILY BASED health services-
• identify early symptoms of mental ill health,
  help family members cope with stress, prepare
  family members for psychiatric care.

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SECONDARY

• CASE WORK or COUNSELLING
• employed by family service agencies, family
  counselors
• They provide a counseling service, help to
  families with-
• Marital conflict
• Disturbed parent child relationship
• Strained interpersonal relationships.

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TERTIARY

• Reduce duration of the mental illness
• Reduce stress in family and community
• Prevent further breakdown and disruption

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MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

• Early diagnosis and treatment
• Rehabilitation
• Group and individual psychotherapy
• Mental health education
• Use of modern psychotropic drugs
• After-care services

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Thank you