Title: Agriculture under the Europe 2020 Strategy
1Agriculture under the Europe 2020 Strategy
- Andrzej Grzyb
- Lecture, University of Economics
- Poznan, 18 February 2011
2Structure of the lecture
- Guidelines for Europe 2020 Strategy
- Agriculture in the European Union
- Agriculture and the EU's international policy
- Agriculture and public goods
3Guidelines for Europe 2020 Strategy
- What is Europe 2020 Strategy?
- New, long-term program of periodic socio-economic
development the EU - Replaced the Lisbon Strategy implemented since
2000 - Globalization necessitates joint action of the
European Union countries to exit from the crisis
and implement reforms - Challenges such as aging of society and growing
need for efficient use of resources can be met at
the level of cooperation in the European Union
4The three priorities of the Strategy Europe 2020
- Smart growth
- i.e. a development based on science and
innovation - Sustainable growth
- i.e. a transformation towards a low carbon
economy, effectively using the resources economy
and competitive economy - Inclusive growth
- to reinforce economy characterized by high
levels of employment and providing economic,
social and territorial cohesion
5Five indicators of progress of the Strategy
- Achieving the employment rate of 75
- Improving the conditions for conducting research
and development, including 3 of EU GDP for
investment in research and development
6Five indicators of progress of the Strategy
- Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20 compared
to 1990 levels, an increase of 20 renewable
energy in overall energy consumption, efforts to
increase energy efficiency by 20
7Five indicators of progress of the Strategy
- Raising the level of education, especially by
reducing the percentage of dropout rates to less
than 10 and increasing the proportion of people
with higher education aged 30-34 by at least 40 - Promoting social inclusion, especially through
reduction of poverty, with the aim of rising from
poverty or social exclusion 20 million citizens.
8Instruments for implementation of the
Strategy
- Guiding Initiatives (Flagship Initiatives)
- prepared by the EC
- implemented at EU level, Member States, regional
and local authorities
- National Reform Programmes
- developed by EU Member States
- to be ready by April 2011
9Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
- Innovation Union improvement of the framework
conditions for innovation and use of innovation
to solve major social and economic problems
identified in Europe 2020 Strategy - Youth on the Move improving quality at all
levels of education and training as well as
increasing the attractiveness of European higher
education internationally
10Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
- Digital Agenda for Europe achieving sustainable
economic and social benefits of the single market
of digital, based on access to broadband Internet - Resource efficient Europe supports the shift
towards a resource-efficient, low-carbon economy
and the desire to eliminate the dependence of
economic growth from environmental degradation
11Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
- An Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era
improving the conditions for entrepreneurship and
supporting the development of a strong industrial
base, capable to compete on a global scale - An agenda for new skills and jobs creating
conditions for modernization of labor markets by
facilitating mobility of workers and developing
their skills in order to increase employment and
ensure the sustainability of European social
models
12Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
- European platform against poverty ensuring
economic, social and territorial cohesion by
helping the poor and excluded people and enabling
them to actively participate in economic and
social life
13Synergy of the Strategy with the EU initiatives
- On January 26th, 2011 European Comission
published guiding initiative Resource efficient
Europe, which is the instrument for
implementation of the Strategy - It is essential to use the resources efficiently
in European policies on energy, climate change,
transport, industry, agriculture, fisheries,
biodiversity and regional development
14Synergy of the Strategy with the EU initiatives
- By using the effect of synergy between different
policies, the initiative is intended to help in
achieving the objectives set by the EU, such as
long-term goal of reducing greenhouse gas
emissions by 80-95 by 2050, reforming the
agricultural sector and fisheries, increasing
food security in developing countries and
increasing the EU resistance to the risks
connected with global growth in prices of energy,
raw materials, goods and services.
15Synergy Strategy - Action Plan
- Work out an action plan for the EU low carbon
economy by 2050 an action plan for energy sector
by 2050 and an action plan for resource
efficient Europe - Work out a plan for energy efficiency by 2020 and
strategy for sustainable competitiveness in the
construction sector
16Synergy Strategy - Action Plan
- Development of energy infrastructure (including
intelligent grid), trans-European transport
networks and the adoption of the White Paper on
the future of the transport sector - Revision of the Directive on excise duty on energy
17Synergy Strategy - Action Plan
- Preparation of the proposal to reform the Common
Agricultural Policy, Common Fisheries Policy and
Cohesion Policy in accordance with the priorities
of Europe 2020 Strategy - In relation to each of the above mentioned areas,
the European Commission will submit concrete
proposals for action, which will be monitored
within the framework of Europe 2020 Strategy
18Agriculture and international trade
- Trade in agricultural products in the EU is
responsible for 6 of total trade - Declining trend can be observed for example, in
1995, trade in agricultural products accounted
for 9 of total EU trade - The source of this trend is the development of
trade in industrial products over the past 15
years, which accounts for approximately 150. At
the same time, trade in agricultural products
increased by approximately 60
19Trends in international trade
Source data from the European Commission website
DG TRADE
20The value of international trade in agricultural
products
- The annual trade in agricultural products with
third countries is approximately 160 billion per
year - The exchange is balanced, the value of both
export and import amounts to around 80 billion
euros a year - In the past, trade in agricultural products
generated a negative balance
21International trade in agricultural products
- Enlargement of the European Union for new
countries in 2004 resulted in an increase of
trade with third countries by about 60 - The European Union is currently the world's
largest importer and the largest exporter of
agricultural products - It is connected in particular with the trade
exchange with developing countries
22The balance for international trade in
agricultural products
23The balance for international trade in
agricultural products
- Security and stability of supplying agricultural
products were the main reasons for development of
the Common Agricultural Policy in the 60's - Even today, when trade is balanced, in the area
of ??some products, the EU still imports far more
than exports
24The balance for international trade in
agricultural products
25The balance for international trade in
agricultural products
- The EU is a net importer of most resources. In
the area of trade, the deficit is about 25
billion euros. This deficit is generated in
particular by oil products, fruits and vegetables - The surplus is generated by dairy products. Trade
in crops and products connected with farm animals
is balanced
26The balance for international trade in
agricultural products
- The European Union is a net exporter of processed
agricultural products. The surplus is about 20
billion euros -
- Import from 10 most important trading partners of
the European Union represents more than half of
the total agricultural imports. Brazil was
responsible for 12 billion euros or 16 of
imports. United States accounted for 9 of total
imports, while Argentina for 8
27Import of agricultural products to the EU most
important sources of import countries
28Import of agricultural products to the EU most
important sources of import - regions
Source data from the European Commission website
DG AGRI
29Export of agricultural products from the EU -
most important sources of export - countries
- More than half of exports from the European Union
goes to the 10 most important trading partners - The United States is responsible for 19 of total
exports from the EU, Russia for 10, and
Switzerland for 7
30Export of agricultural products from the EU most
important sources of export - countries
31Export of agricultural products from the EU -
most important sources of export - regions
Source data from the European Commission website
DG AGRI
32Structure of imports of agricultural products in
the EU
33Import of agricultural products from developing
countries
34International agreements
- Agreement on free trade areas (FTA) with third
countries - Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation (PCA)
- Association Agreement
- Sectoral agreements
35Agreement on free trade areas (FTA) with third
countries
36The most important, recently ongoing negotiations
of EU with the third countries
- CENTRAL AMERICA
- ARMENIA, GEORGIA,
- ASEAN
- BRAZIL
- CHINA
- EUROMED
- INDIA
- JAPAN
- CANADA
- SOUTH KOREA
- ACP COUNTRIES
- MERCOSUR
- GCC - Gulf Countries Council
- RUSSIA
- UKRAINE
- ANDEAN COMMUNITY
37European Union Enlargement
- Croatia
- Iceland
- Macedonia
- Turkey
38Agriculture and public goods
- Multifunctionality of European agriculture
- The definition of public goods
- Types of goods provided by agriculture
- Global
- Local
- Awarding for public goods
- Variants
- Problems
39Multifunctionality of European agriculture
- The Cork Declaration 1996
40The definition of public goods
- According to Paul Samuelson, public goods are
goods of the following characteristics - no one is excluded from the benefits arising
from their use (no exclusion from consumption) - increase in the number of users does not
eliminate or reduce the possibilities of using
particular goods by all users (they are not
competitive in consumption)
41Division of public goods
42Global public goods are goods that are universal
for all countries, social groups and generations,
e.g.
- oxygen production
- carbon sequestration
- protection of biodiversity
- protection of water
- ensuring food safety
43Local public goods are goods that are consumed on
the local level, e.g.
- land protection
- water erosion, relates to more than 20 of the
area of our country - protection of water
- protection of landscape
- protection of rural heritage
- creating conditions for leisure and recreation
- creating jobs in rural areas
44Variants of awarding for public goods
- direct assessment of the procured goods and
paying for them - payment for the use of property rights to
resources or factors of production - payment for the lost income connected with the
supply of public goods related to the environment - Covering of the transaction costs
45The objectives of the future CAP
- Economic efficiency and competitiveness
- Food safety
- Distribution of income
- Rural public goods
- Protection of the environment
- Protection of landscape
- Food Standards
- Animal welfare
- Development of rural areas
46The priorities of Polish presidency ( 1
July 2011 31 December 2011)
- promotion of investment associated with the
development of renewable energy sources in rural
areas - promotion of activities aimed at increasing
energy production from agricultural by-products
and residues of agro-food industry - efficient use of EU financial resources
- taking care of public goods - food security and
multifunctional development - future of the milk and milk products market
abolition of the milk quota in 2015 - simplification of the Common Agricultural Policy
47The draft report The CAP towards 2020 meeting
the food, natural resources and territorial
challenges of the future - by Albert Dess MEP
- A wide debate on global budget of Pillar 1 and 2
- The idea of sustainable and competitive
agriculture - Plant and animals welfare
- Simplification of the future CAP
48Direct Payments
- Not connected with the volume of production
- Equitable distribution of the budget under Pillar
1 and Pillar 2 between Member States and farmers
from each Member State - Strategy of farm payment
- Division of direct payments and individual
historical benchmarks - Guarantee of basic income for small farms
- Simplification of the system of direct payment
- No upper limit
- Payment for profesionally active farmers
49Sustainable management of natural resources and
elements of the environment
- Improved sustainable management of natural
resources should be linked to direct payments - Any environmental benefits can be efficiently
achieved by Member States through the adoption of
benefits from Pillar 2 - Participation in programs of sustainable
development is mandatory for each farmer
receiving direct payments - Compensation for element of the environment in
Pillar 2 is powered from the budget of Pillar 1
50Cross-compliance and simplification
- The system of cross-compliance for all
beneficiaries of direct payments - Cross-compliance - limited to the control of
primary and recognized standards - The elimination of disproportionate burdens
placed on livestock by the cross-compliance
51Market instruments and safety net
- The general market orientation of the CAP should
be maintained - Further, individually focused on farm, risk
management in the facethe of expected
environmental risks, climate, risk of epidemics
and high price volatility on agricultural markets - Providing farmers with national risk management
tools - Multi-level security network in the event of
temporary disruption on the market - The extension of private sector insurance schemes
- The system of export credits
- The extension of the sugar market reform of 2006
until 2020. - The fight against speculation in agricultural
commodities
52Rural development
- The abolition of the previous axis of rural
development - Introducing targeted measures, to be decided by
the Member States in the second pillar, to attain
priority objectives of the EU (2020 Strategy) - The compensatory allowance for disadvantaged
areas be - retained in the second pillar
- An optional increase of 25 in national financing
in the second pillar (top-up) should be possible - Abrupt changes in the allocation of
appropriations in the second pillar to be avoided - At least 10 percentage points of any national
cofinancing should - come from public funds
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