Hatchery and Design Considerations

1
Hatchery and Design Considerations

• What to do BEFORE you start?

2
(No Transcript)
3
Lecture 1 Farm Site Selection

• Objectives
• Proper approach to site selection
  conceptualization
• Good vs. bad information
• Water (part 1) quality criteria, source,
  capacity, tidal issues
• Soil (part 2) texture, chemical properties
• Vegetation, climatic, other determinants
• Evaluation process (part 3)

4
Conceptualizing the Site

• WHAT WENT WRONG?
• IMPROPER SITE SELECTION
• INAPPROPRIATE ENGINEERING
• INADEQUATE FINANCING
• INEFFECTIVE HUSBANDRY

5
SITE SELECTION IS CRITICALIT CAN DETERMINE

• LOAN POTENTIAL
• ENGINEERING LAYOUT/DESIGNS
• LEVEL OF EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCY
• PRODUCTION METHODOLOGY
• BUSINESS STRATEGY
• MARKETING/SALES STRATEGY

6
WHY "BAD" SITES ARE SELECTEDALL THE WRONG
REASONS!

• "THE LAND PRICE WAS A BARGAIN!
• "THE GOVERNMENT WUS JUS GIVIN IT AWAY!
• "HEY, IT WAS NEAR THE WATER!
• ...BUT THERE WERE OTHER FARMERS NEARBY.
• "NOBODY ELSE WANTED IT!"

7
CONCEPTUALIZE THE SITEWHAT CONSTITUTES A SITE?

• A PIECE OF LAND? COAST? COUNTRY?
• A SPECIFIC PROFIT CENTER?
• A SPECIFIC PRODUCT?
• SOCIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION?

8
ASSUMPTIONS

• STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND
• PLAN TO UTILIZE EVERY INCENTIVE
• STRIVING FOR INTEGRATION

VERTICAL
9
DISCLAIMERS

• NO SITE IS TYPICAL
• NO PROJECT IS ENTIRELY PREDICTABLE
• NO GOVERNMENT IS ENTIRELY ACCOMODATING
• MONEY DOES NOT GROW ON TREES
• THERE ARE NO GUARANTEES!!!

10
Hatchery Sanitation

• Purpose 1 prevent foreign agents from entering
  hatchery (What does this control?)
• Purpose 2 limits disease spread to tank of
  origin (doesnt run from
• tank to tank, etc.

11
Is clear water clean??
12
Pick a good site!!!
13
Hawaiian Hatcheries, Phillipines
14
Typical Well Abstraction
Perforated well screen (500 µM), 4 in. PVC
Discharge to hatchery
2 in. PVC
Perforated well screen (250 µM)
2-3 hp self-priming/cooling centrifugal pump
high tide
Sealed concrete pump house
low tide
hydrologic zone
15
Seawater Abstraction well-point
Ocean bottom
6-8 ft
sand substrate
24 in. perforated pipe
Pea gravel
Microscreen- 1mm
16
Seawater Abstraction open ocean intake
17
Hatchery Sanitation
18
Preventive Guidelines

• Reduces vertically-transmitted pathogens
• 1) import only eggs, never juveniles/adults
• 2) eggs should be from SPF/high health facilities
• 3) wild individuals should be prohibited or all
  water, etc. needs to be disinfected
• 4) disinfect all eggs prior to stocking hatching
  containers (also disinfect/destroy all shipping
  containers)
• chemicals iodophores (Argentyne) 100 ppm for
  10-15 min

19
Guidelines for Limiting Spread

• Disinfect all hatchery and personal equipment
  after or between use (equipment must be clean
  prior to disinfection)
• sports fishermen or farmers should never be
  allowed near facility (political issue)
• transfer/shipping equipment, vehicles must all be
  disinfected whenever leaving grounds
• do not overlook any possible source of
  contamination
• proper hatchery design limits spread

20
Biosecurity General Issues

• Definition the sum of all procedures in place
  to protect shrimp from contracting, carrying and
  spreading diseases
• critical to identify all known and potential
  vectors
• critical use only seed from SPF or high-health
  facilities
• stocks monitored periodically for disease using
  rapid methodologies
• infection of facility shut-down, complete
  disinfection (chlorine gas, formaldehyde, etc.)

21
Biosecurity General Issues

• Other potential disease sources incoming water
• facility should be isolated from other farms,
  processing plants, capture fisheries
• water should be recycled
• replacement water disinfected by chlorine, ozone,
  ultraviolet light
• avoid vectors gulls, dogs, crabs, etc.
• feeds ( prepared vs. raw)

22
Part 2. Biosecurity

• Recently, fish/shrimp disease agents and
  associated problems have spread from foreign
  countries to the U.S.
• major efforts established defense against disease
• due to severity of issue, parallel efforts were
  undertaken to design production systems to
  exclude diseases
• such systems are called biosecure
• key issue zero water exchange