Cultural

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3 Inter-Act, 13th Edition

Culture
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Intercultural Communication

• Interactions that occur between people whose
  cultures are so different that the communication
  between them is altered

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Culture
Culture Shock

• The system of beliefs, values, and attitudes
  shared by a particular segment of the population

• The psychological discomfort of adjusting to a
  new cultural situation

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Dominant Culture

• Culture within a society whose attitudes,
  values, beliefs, and customs hold the majority
  opinion

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Co-Cultures

• Groups of people living within a dominant
  culture who are clearly different from the
  dominant culture

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Co-Cultures

1. Gender
2. Race
3. Ethnicity
4. Sexual orientation and gender identity
5. Religion
6. Social class
7. Generation

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Identifying Cultural Similarities and Differences

• Individualism-Collectivism extent to which
  people in a culture are integrated into groups
• Uncertainty Avoidance extent to which people in
  a culture avoid unpredictability regarding
  people, relationships, and events
• Power Distance amount of difference in power
  between people, institutions, and organizations
  in a culture
• Masculinity-Femininity extent to which notions
  of "maleness" and "femaleness" are valued in a
  culture
• Time Orientation differences in how cultures
  perceive time

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Individualism-Collectivism

• Individualistic cultures value
• Personal rights and responsibilities
• Competition and personal achievement
• Self-expression
• Privacy

• Collectivist cultures value
• Community, strong connection to groups
• Harmony and cooperation
• Avoiding embarrassment
• Group interests over self-interests

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Uncertainty Avoidance

• Low Uncertainty Avoidance
• Comfortable with unpredictability
• Takes risks
• Few rules
• Accepts multiple perspectives of truth

• High Uncertainty Avoidance
• Creates systems of formal rules
• Believes in absolute truth
• Less tolerant of deviant ideas or behaviors

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Power Distance

• High Power Distance
• Power distributed unequally
• Power imbalances seen as natural
• Power is respected

• Low Power Distance
• Power is distributed equally
• Inequalities are downplayed
• People with power are not feared
• Democracy is valued

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Masculinity-Femininity

• Masculine Cultures
• Traditional sex-based roles followed
• Men are assertive and dominant
• Women are nurturing, service-oriented
• Male traits valued over female traits

• Feminine Cultures
• Roles not based on ones sex
• People free to act in nontraditional ways
• Feminine traits valued
• Both men and women demonstrate both masculine and
  feminine behaviors

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Time Orientation

• Monochronic
• Value punctuality
• Follow plans

• Polychronic
• Value flexible schedules
• Multitasking

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U.S. Rankings(among 53 Countries/Regions)
15th
38th
43rd
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Cultural Context

• Low-Context
• Direct verbal messages
• Speakers expected to say what they mean

• High-Context
• Indirect meaning
• Understood by referring to unwritten cultural
  rules and subtle nonverbal behavior
• Read between the lines

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Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communication

• Anxiety
• Assuming similarity or difference culture
• Ethnocentrism
• Stereotyping
• Incompatible communication codes
• Incompatible norms and values

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Pyramid Model of Intercultural Competence
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Intercultural Communication Competence

• Intercultural competence effective and
  appropriate behavior and communication in
  intercultural situations
• Internal outcomes
• Informed frame of reference, filter shift
• Adaptability, flexibility
• Ethnorelativism point of view that allows you to
  see value in other cultural perspectives
• Empathy

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Intercultural Competence
External outcome Behaving and communicating
effectively and appropriately to achieve your
goals