1831: Nat Turner leads slave uprising in Virginia

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• 1831 Nat Turner leads slave uprising in Virginia
• 1834 anti-abolitionist riots in Philadelphia and
  New York
• 1845 Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life
  of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written
  by Himself
• 1847 Liberia proclaims independence (first
  African Republic)
• 1849 Harriet Tubman (Underground Railroad)

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• 1850 Fugitive Slave Act is strengthened
• 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin
• 1859 John Brown's revolt at Harpers Ferry
• 1859 Last U.S. slave ship lands in Alabama

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• 1863-1865 American Civil War
• 1863 Emancipation Proclamation by President
  Lincoln
• 1865 Slavery outlawed by 13th Amendment - black
  codes issued in former Confederate states,
  severely limiting rights of freed women and men
• 1865 the Ku Klux Klan is created in Tennessee

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• 1865 40 acres and a mule are promised for
  compensation to freed African American slaves
  after the Civil war 40 acres of land to farm,
  and a mule with which to drag a plow so the land
  could be cultivated.
• 1868 Congress passes 14 th Amendment, granting
  blacks equal citizenship and civil rights
• 1870 15th Amendment guarantees suffrage to all
  male U.S. Citizens
• 1875 Civil Rights Act

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• 1877 Federal Troops withdrew from the South
• 1883 Supreme Court overturns Civil Rights Act of
  1875
• 1890 Mississippi limits black suffrage through
  understanding test
• 1894 Ida B. Wells, A Red Record

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• 1895 Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition
  Address
• 1896 Supreme Court approves segregation (Plessy
  v. Ferguson)
• 1900 Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery
• 1903 W.E.B. DU Bois, The Souls of Black Folk

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• 1906 Madame C. J. Walker opens hair-care business

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• 1908 Jack Johnson becomes first African American
  heavyweight champion of the world

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• 1917 the 369th Infantry Regiment (Harlem
  Hellfighters) the first African American
  Regiment in World War I

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• 1919 83 lynchings recorded during Red summer of
  hate

The lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith,
August 7, 1930
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Billie Holiday, Strange Fruit

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vh4ZyuULy9zs

Strange Fruit Southern trees bear strange
fruit, Blood on the leaves and blood at the
root, Black body swinging in the Southern
breeze, Strange fruit hanging from the poplar
trees. Pastoral scene of the gallant South, The
bulging eyes and the twisted mouth, Scent of
magnolia sweet and fresh, Then the sudden smell
of burning flesh! Here is fruit for the crows to
pluck, For the rain to gather, for the wind to
suck, For the sun to rot, for the tree to
drop, Here is a strange and bitter crop.
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20s beginning of the Harlem Renaissance
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