Emerging Trends In Technical Education- Future Challenges

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Emerging Trends In TechnicalEducation- Future
Challenges

• St. Vincent Palloti College of Engineering and
  Technology
• Nagpur
• 24 th July 2005
• Prof. M. U. Deshpande
• Kanwal Rekhi School of Information Technology
• Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

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Greatest Achievements 20th Century

• Electrification
• Automobile
• Airplane
• Water Supply
• Electronics
• Radio TV
• Agriculture Mechanization
• Computers
• Telephone
• Air conditioner Refrigeration

• Highways
• Spacecraft
• Internet
• Imaging
• Household Appliances
• Health Technology
• Petroleum/Petrochemicals
• Laser Fibre Optics
• Nuclear Technology
• High performance materials

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Global Higher Education

• Trillion Dollar today
• MIT alone has annual budget of 1 Billion
  Tutgers 1.5 Billion
• Growing fast thanks to knowledge economy
• Major US Institutions opening up campuses around
  the world (may even be in India after 2005)
• Australia with laser sharp focus is reaping the
  benefits in India China
• Interesting numbers 65,000 Indian students to
  USA, 65,000 to rest of the world (2002) with
  30K per student is 3 Billion dollars of lost
  opportunity

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Indian Higher Education

• A million students in engineering alone
• Except a handful of Institutions many do not have
  a mind share and naturally no market share
• Public Private partnership is the viable model
• Too much central control makes them not play the
  card well not striving towards excellence
  output control lacking but full of input
  control many weak institutions are not allowed
  to die we need to grow still not a single
  world-scale Institution

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Opportunities for Indian Higher Education

• Can be guru to the world worlds education
  hub teaching back office
• Software industry success trio (QQE) applies
  to higher education too
• Need to act quickly
• At least start with IT Education extend to
  others (software industry started with core
  software today extends to ITES, Design,
  Publishing, Medicine .)

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Technical Education

• Key Societal Enabler
• Able and Competent Human Resource crucial
  National Asset
• Prime Factor of Production in Modern Economy
• Quality pre requisite for global
  competition/massive expansion/fast changing needs
  scenario

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Quality Assessment Initiatives

• Relative Recent Phenomenon
• Origin in Mass Manufacturing of Consumer goods
• Minimum Variance (SPC)
• Least defects
• Customer perception/expectation
• CONFORMANCE ADAPTABILITY INNOVATION

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Can Quality be Quantified?

• Excites strong emotions
• Subjectivity Objectivity
• Measurements importance
• Sensory perceptions
• Sight/Sound/Taste/Touch/Smell/IQ-EQ
• Issue is consistency and reliability amenability
  to mass application.

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Globally Used Quality Indices for Academic
Institutions

• Staff Student Ratio
• Pass Ratio
• Endowments
• Laboratories
• Faculty Quality etc.

• Depth of course work
• Applications/Seat
• Alumni Achievements
• Library/BW
• Reputation/Placement
• RD Papers/Patents

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Good Features of Quality Systems

• Assessment Multidimensional several measurable
  aspects
• Achievements Of majority faculty students
• Indices Per capita not of aggregate groups or
  cumulative
• Outcome Indicators Student learning added
  competence
• VALIDATION BY USERS / PEERS

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Dales Cone of Experience
People Generally Remember
People are able to (Learning Outcomes)
Read
10 of what they read
Define Describe List Explain
20 of what they hear
Hear
View Images
30 of what they see

• Demonstrate
• Apply
• Practice

Watch Videos
Visit Exhibit/Sites
50 of what they hear and see
Watch a Demonstration
70 of what they say and write

• Analyze
• Design
• Create
• Evaluate

Design Collaborative Lesson
Participate in Hands-on Activity
90 of what They say as They do a thing
Simulate, Model or Experience
Design/perform a Presentation Do the real thing
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Establishing New Learning EnvironmentsTraditional
--- Incorporating --- New Environment
New Strategies

• Teacher-centered instruction ? Learner centered
  environments
• Single sense stimulation ? Multisensory
  stimulation
• Single path progression ? Multipath progression
• Single Media ? Multimedia
• Isolated Work ? Collaborative work
• Information Delivery ? Information exchange
• Passive learning ? Active/exploratory/inquiry
  based learning
• Factual/literal thinking ? Critical thinking,
  informed decision making
• Reactive response ? Proactive/planned action
• Isolated, artificial context ? authentic, real
  world context

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Teaching Learning Process

• Synergy of
• Faculty
• - Students
• - Infrastructure
• - DEP / Institution
• NBA Focus on Process
• Academic calendar
• Syllabi Delivery
• Evaluation Systems
• Info access
• Enablers of faculty/student initiatives

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Student Quality

• Number of application/seat
• Diverse background
• Time to complete degree
• Quality of practical training/Projects
• Placement and Initial Salaries
• No taking GATE / PG Courses
• Alumni reputation/entrepreneurs
• Foreign students

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Faculty Quality Indicators

• Number of applications/position
• Publications, awards, patents
• Sponsored projects/consultancy
• Retention/turnover
• Teaching Quality Innovations
• Public service
• Industry Exposures
• Career satisfaction levels

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Institutional Quality

1. Strategic Planning
2. Interaction with Industry/Govt.
3. Resource Mobilization for better facilities
4. RD and Training programs held
5. Interdisciplinary Initiatives
6. Perceived reputation
7. Student acceptability in Global Market

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Technology Status

• Support services for catering to large student
  groups
• Faculty and student access to World knowledge and
  Best Practices
• Service to society through Faculty expertise,
  Annual reports
• Active well maintained public image through
  Website and Links
• Quality practices in house ISO/Six Sigma

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Teaching Process Fundamental

• Classroom dynamics
• Processes and services to promote
• Student Comprehension
• Recall
• Critical Thinking
• Imaging Import /systems
• - Documentation
• - Graphics
• - Graphing
• - Multimedia
• ICT Technologies
• Better Education
• Cost Effective
• Value adding for average student

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Technology in Teaching Learning

• Integration widely desired but difficult without
  pervasive preparation.
• Ownership by faculty/students/managements.
• Only few enthusiastic individuals will not ensure
  sustainability.

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3 Keys to Technology Planning Management

• Encourage and train faculty critical mass
• Support student productivity learning
  efficiency
• Technology integrated curriculum

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Directions of Organized Education

• Engineering courses to move towards
• Course-credit / modular structure
• Elective in senior years
• Broad base to courses rather than narrow
  specialization
• Emphasis on hands-on practical work
• Developing personality enterprise

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Student Awareness Rucksack

• Team working requirements
• Communication interpersonal skills
• Standards unified/International EURO/ISO/SI/TQM
• Personal Management
• Change
• Flexibility Adaptability
• Ability to work any time/place/site
• Life long learning
• Plan develop execute career trajectory

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Holistic Engineering Practice

• Systems thinking
• Inductive, integrative life cycle management
• Critical thinking (extension of knowledge)
• Learning to do good
• Sustainable/appropriate/safe designs process
• Innovation coupled to world market place
• Political/environment/human issues with technical

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Paradigms in Laboratory Work in Engineering
Education

• Basic Nature and Purpose
• What should change
• What should remain
• Benchmarks
• Human and Financial Resources
• For instruction and assessment
• For certification testing and RD
• Management Structures

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Quality and Cost Concerns

• Huge expansion of Technical Education
• Lab provisions grossly inadequate
• Misleading assessment in Practical marks
• Expensive equipments and need for duplication
• Cost centers/no resource generation
• Staff low quality high cost

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Nature and Purpose of Lab Work

• Essential Scaffolding to evolving learning
  structure
• Reinforcement of Theory concepts
• Awareness of Modeling the Abstract
• To affirm on cause-effect relationship
• Skill in measurements of physical variables

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Measurements in Science Technology

• Lord Kelvin When you can measure what you are
  speaking about and express it in numbers, you
  know something,
• McNamara Fallacy We tend to give too much
  importance to what is measurable rather than
  trying to measure the important

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Laboratory Provision in Engineering Curriculum

• International Accreditation Criteria, ABET
• Graduate to demonstrate ability
• To design and construct experiment
• Use tools of modern Engineering for Engineering
  practice

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Categories of Lab Work

• Curriculum support (UG)
• Analytical Instrumentation
• For exploration in state of Art Technologies
• Research Lab for work in leading edge
  technologies
• Testing, calibration, maintenance
• To ensure reliability and sustainability

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Difficulties in Implementation

• Large number of students and batches
• Batch size 15-20
• Two supervisors
• Ensuring Learning / avoidance of harm
• Insistence of daytime learning
• Time table management difficult

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Opportunities in Third Party Testing

• Testing of components, products systems
• Conformance to standards / calibration
• Laboratory accreditation NABL
• Professional management qualified staff
• Quality assurance systems in Lab

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Use of Technology in Lab Work

• Audio video clips of working experiments
  commentary by Faculty
• Software simulation
• But context of Real World needs to be brought out
• Safety and harm avoidance aspects
• Database of standards / best practices

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Accreditation Abroad (contd.)

• ECPD ? ABET 1980 for Engineering programs.
  Computer Science Accreditation Board 1984
• CSAB merged in ABET 2001
• Engineering council in UK, IEE / ICE, ImechE.

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Accreditation Abroad

• Education Accreditation more than a century old
• Oldest accreditation of Engineering program U.S.
  1932 ECPD
• Accredited qualification as Prerequisite of
  Professional License to practice. Hence
  controlled by professional societies.

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Washington Accord

• Accreditation Agencies of Developed World
  agreement for recognition of accredited program
  in respective countries for License to
  Professional Practice
• Original Six
• USA, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, Newzeland
• Now added RSA, Hongkong
• Provisional Signatory Status
• Japan, Singapore, Germany, Malaysia
• India applicant - Team visiting January 2005

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Washington Accord (Contd.)

• Only UG Degree programs covered
• Ready acceptance of respective countrys
• academic requirements for entry to practice of
  profession of Engineering.
• Covers Quality Assurance of online and web based
  instruction and programs Imported/exported .

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GATE Global Alliance for Transnational
Education - 1996

• Private Multinational Industry Initiative
  looking for qualified manpower from developing
  countries.
• Originally founded by Jones International, joined
  later by Coca cola, Ericsson etc.
• Center for Quality Assurance in International
  Education Washington DC

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Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students

• Ability to apply knowledge of Maths, Science and
  Engineering
• Ability to design and conduct expert and analyze
  and interpret data
• Ability to design a system component or process
  to meet desired needs

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Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students
(contd.)

• Additionals from 2005 onwards
• Broad general education to understand impact of
  Engineering solutions on society and globe
• Life long learning ability
• Knowledge of contemporary issues
• Ability to use technics, skills and modern
  engineering tools for engineering practice.

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Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students
(contd.)

• Additionals from 2005 onwards
• Ability to function on multi disc team
• Ability to identify, formulate and solve
  engineering problems
• Understanding a professional and ethical
  responsibilities
• Ability to communicate effectively

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Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students
(contd.)

• Program to possess assessment process with
  documented results.
• Also evidence that these results are used to
  further develop and improve the program.

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Boundaryless Careers

• Globalization and Economic restructuring
• Traditional concepts of career affected
• How to survive without job for life
• No roadmap to guide firms fortune and employee
  status or place in society
• No stable organizational occupational
  structures
• Personal initiative and mutual cooperation
• Agency and communion manage own arrangements of
  working with others.

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Silicon Valley

• Boundarylessness Key advantage
• Individualistic open labour market
• Dynamic Industry demanding
• Constant innovation
• Needs knowledge sharing. Delicate balance sharing
  between cooperation and competition
• Hewlet of HP If you want to succeed here you
  must be willing to change jobs often
• talk to your competitors
• Take risk, even if it leads to failure

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Boundaryless Careers

• Employees identify with their profession and not
  their companies.
• Job changing norms Average 2-3 years
• 35 turn over
• A colleague Customer
• Boss Subordinate
• Respect and authority through competence
• Technical excellence and market share highest
  regards successful entrepreneurs
• Key to success Continuous learning through
  relationships

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Silicon Valley

• Collective actions
• Mutual interest
• Intellectual curiosity
• Problem solving leading to
• Developing
• New Markets
• New Technologies
• Products/applications
• People rub shoulders/share ideas
• Social interaction replaces hierarchy central
  planning

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• Thank you.