Energy Mix

1
Energy Mix Needs

• Matthew W. Rhoades
• SCHC 390M

2
Energy Basics by Source

• Petroleum
• Natural Gas
• Electricity
• Coal
• Nuclear
• Renewable Alternative Fuels

3
Source Basics by Topic

• Production/Generation
• Consumption
• Reserves and Resources
• Capacity
• Prices
• Import/Export

4
OECDOrganisation for Economic Co-Operation and
Development

• Countries invited to membership talks
• CHILE
• ESTONIA
• ISRAEL
• RUSSIA
• SLOVENIA
• Enhanced
• engagement
• BRAZIL
• CHINA
• INDIA
• INDONESIA
• SOUTH AFRICA

• AUSTRALIA
• AUSTRIA
• BELGIUM
• CANADA
• CZECH REPUBLIC
• DENMARK
• FINLAND
• FRANCE
• GERMANY
• GREECE
• HUNGARY
• ICELAND
• IRELAND
• ITALY
• JAPAN
• KOREA
• LUXEMBOURG
• MEXICO
• NETHERLANDS

5
OPECThe Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries

• Algeria
• Angola
• Ecuador (which rejoined OPEC in November 2007)
• Indonesia
• Iran
• Iraq
• Kuwait
• Libya
• Nigeria
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• the United Arab Emirates
• Venezuela

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Petroleum

• The word petroleum generally refers to crude oil
  or the refined products obtained from the
  processing of crude oil (gasoline, diesel fuel,
  heating oil, etc.) We find petroleum products in
  every area of our lives. They are easily
  recognized in the gasoline we use to fuel our
  cars and the heating oil we use to warm our
  homes. However, petroleum-based components are
  also used in plastics, medicines, food items, and
  a host of other products.

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Petroleum

• Production-Global

• The top five oil producing countries, which
  together accounted for about 43 of total world
  production, were Russia, Saudi Arabia, the
  United States, Iran, and China. 
• The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
  (OPEC), which includes Saudi Arabia, produced
  about 44 of the world total.

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Petroleum

• Production Imports U.S.

• In 2006, total U.S. domestic crude oil
  production, including Federal offshore, averaged
  a decrease of about 47 from 1970.
• The top six crude oil-producing States in 2006
  (and their percent share of total domestic
  production) were Texas (21), Alaska (15),
  California (12), Louisiana (4), Oklahoma (3),
  and New Mexico (3).
• Production on Federal offshore-leases in the Gulf
  of Mexico in 2006 was about 25 of total U.S.
  production.

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Petroleum

• Production Imports U.S.

• U.S. domestic crude oil production peaked in 1970
  and since then imports of crude oil and of
  refined petroleum products have contributed a
  growing share of the petroleum supplied to meet
  U.S. demand (see graph at right). 
• In 2006 the top two countries we imported crude
  oil from were our neighbors Canada and Mexico.
• The U.S. imports crude oil from over 60
  countries. 69 of net imports of crude oil were
  from five countries Canada, Mexico, Saudi
  Arabia, Venezuela, and Nigeria. Imports from all
  OPEC countries were 47 of total U.S. crude oil
  imports.

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Petroleum

• Consumption - U.S.

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Petroleum

• Consumption - Global

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Petroleum

• Reserves - Global

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Petroleum

• Reserves U.S.

• Total proved reserves of crude oil in the United
  States, as of year-end 2006, are 20.97 billion
  barrels, a 3.6 percent decrease from those of
  2005.
• Thirty-one States have crude oil reserves.
• The top five are
• Texas, with 4.9 billion barrels
• Alaska, with 3.9 billion barrels
• California, with 3.4 billion barrels
• Wyoming, with 706 million barrels
• New Mexico, with 696 million barrels.

14
Natural Gas

• Natural gas is mostly methane. It is best known
  as the fuel that produces the blue flame that
  heats our food, our water, and our homes and
  buildings. It is also used to generate
  electricity, provide heat for industrial
  processes, and as a raw material to produce
  petrochemicals, plastics, paints, and a wide
  variety of other products.

15
Natural Gas

• Consumption U.S.

• In 2005, U.S. natural gas consumption reached
  22.2 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), down 1 percent
  from 2004.
• The historical peak in U.S. natural gas
  consumption occurred in 2000 when 23.3 Tcf were
  consumed.
• Total U.S. natural gas consumption is forecasted
  to increase from 22.2 Tcf in 2005 to 26.1 Tcf in
  2030.
• Most of the increase is seen before 2020, when
  total U.S. natural gas consumption reaches 26.3
  Tcf.  
• After 2020, high natural gas prices limit
  consumption to about 26 Tcf through 2030.
   Consequently, the natural gas share of total
  energy consumption drops from 23 percent in 2005
  to 20 percent in 2030.

16
Natural Gas

• Production

• The Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico and five
  States accounted for the majority of the natural
  gas production in the United States, comprising
  76.6 percent of the total in 2006
• Texas (27.8 percent)
• Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico (15.7 percent)
• Wyoming (9.4 percent)
• Oklahoma (8.6 percent)
• New Mexico (8.1 percent)
• Louisiana (6.8 percent)

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Natural Gas

• Reserves

SCHC 390M
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Coal

• Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black
  sedimentary rock composed mostly of carbon and
  hydrocarbons. It is the most abundant fossil fuel
  produced in the United States. Over 90 percent of
  the coal used in the United States is used to
  generate electricity.

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Coal

• Consumption

• During 2005, a record was consumed in the United
  States.
• The greatest demand for coal was by electricity
  generating plants that burn coal to produce
  electricity. 92 percent of the total, was used by
  the electric power sector to produce about half
  (49.7 percent) of all electricity generated.
• Each ton of coal consumed at an electric power
  plant produces about 2,000 kilowatt-hours of
  electricity. A pound of coal supplies enough
  electricity to light ten 100-watt bulbs for about
  an hour.

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Coal

• Reserves

• The distribution of coal reserves around the
  world varies notably from that of oil and gas.
• Significant reserves are found in the United
  States and Russia but not in the Middle East.
• The United States with 27 percent and Russia with
  17 percent account for nearly half of global coal
  reserves. China (13 percent), Australia (9
  percent), South Africa (5 percent), and
  Kazakhstan (3 percent) also have significant
  amounts of the world's recoverable coal reserves.

21
Coal

• Projections

• From 2004 to 2030, coal production in China, the
  United States, and India, driven by growing  coal
  consumption, is projected to increase. It is
  assumed that most of the demand for coal in
  China, the United States, and India will continue
  to be met by domestic production.
• The projected increases in coal production for
  the three countries dominate the overall trends
  in the OECD and non-OECD regions, accounting for
  71 percent of the increase in production for the
  entire OECD region and 79 percent of the increase
  in the non-OECD region. Increased demand for
  international trade is expected to support
  production increases in Australia/New Zealand,
  Russia, other non-OECD Asia, Africa, and Central
  and South America (excluding Brazil).  
• China and India together account for 72 percent
  of the projected increase in world coal
  consumption from 2004 to 2030. Strong economic
  growth is projected for both countries, and much
  of the increase in their demand for energy,
  particularly in the industrial and electricity
  sectors, is expected to be met by coal. 

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Coal

• Projections

5/15/2014
SCHC 390M
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Electricity

• Electricity is a secondary energy source which
  means that we get it from the conversion of other
  sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil,
  nuclear power and other natural sources, which
  are called primary sources. The energy sources we
  use to make electricity can be renewable or
  non-renewable, but electricity itself is neither
  renewable or non-renewable.

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Electricity

• Generation

• In 2006, coal generated the largest share of
  electricity - 49.
• Natural Gas generation accounts for 20.
• Nuclear-powered generation accounts for 19.
• In 2006, hydroelectric generation had the fourth
  largest share (7) of electricity production.
• All other renewables account for only 3 of
  electricity generation in 2006.

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Electricity

• Generation Current and Projected

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Electricity

• Capacity Current and Projected

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Electricity
28
Nuclear

• A nuclear power plant operates basically the same
  way as a fossil fuel plant, with one difference
  the source of heat.  The process that produces
  the heat in a nuclear plant is the fissioning or
  splitting of uranium atoms.  That heat boils
  water to make the steam that turns the
  turbine-generator, just as in a fossil fuel
  plant.  The part of the plant where the heat is
  produced is called the reactor core.
• Nuclear power accounts for about 19 percent of
  the total electricity generated in the United
  States, an amount comparable to all the
  electricity used in California,Texas, and New
  York, our three most populous (having the most
  people) states. 

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Nuclear

• Capacity

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Nuclear

• Generation

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Nuclear

• Projections

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Renewable

• Whereas fossil fuels are exhaustible, renewable
  energy sources - water (hydropower), biomass,
  wind, heat from the earth (geothermal), and the
  sun (solar energy) - regenerate and can be
  sustained indefinitely. "Green" renewables
  contribute much less to global warming and
  climate change by offsetting fossil fuels used to
  generate electricity.
• In 2005, about 6 of all energy consumed, and
  about 9 of total electricity production was from
  renewable energy sources.

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Renewable

• Consumption

• Renewable energy consumption increased 2 percent
  from 2004 to 2005, while total U.S. energy
  consumption remained flat.
• The electric power and industrial sectors
  continued to have the largest portions of
  renewable energy consumption with 56 and 29
  percent of the market respectively.
• The transportation sector has been on an upward
  trend since 2001, and increased 17 percent
  between 2004 and 2005. Growth in renewable
  transportation fuels ethanol and biodiesel has
  powered this growth.

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World Market Projections
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Energy Mix
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Energy Mix
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Energy Mix
38
State Level Energy Consumption
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Interesting Chart
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Fin

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