Spore Shedding Vascular Plants

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Spore Shedding Vascular Plants

• Psilotum
• Lycopodium
• Equisetum

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Huperzia a forest wetlands dwelling
lycophyte These plants are the diploid sporophyte
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Huperzia lucidula a wetlands-dwelling lycophyte
http//www.duke.edu/jspippen/plants/lycopodium-lu
cidulum060727-3857bchmtnz.jpg
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Huperzia root cross-section
epidermis
cortex
protoxylem
xylem
metaxylem
phloem
plectostele
exarch
amphiphloic
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Protosteles
haplosteles
actinostele
plectostele
cortex phloem xylem
Siphonosteles
siphonostele
solenostele
dictyostele
cortex phloem xylem pith
leaf gap
leaf trace
eustele
atactostele
dicot stem
monocot stem
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microphyll
stem
sporophyll
sporangium
spores
gemma
http//home.manhattan.edu/frances.cardillo/plants
/vascular/lucidum6.jpg
last years sporophylls
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Huperzia root cross-section with branch root
cross sections
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Huperzia microphyll cross section
mesophyll
cutinized epidermis
vascular bundle
stoma
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Lycopodium obscurum a forest-dwelling lycophyte
The sporophylls are organized into a terminal
strobilus.
http//www.twofrog.com/images/groundpine58.jpg
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Lycopodium obscurum sporophytes demonstrate
dichotomous branching. Microphylls are spirally
arranged with some flattening of the branch
system.
Lycopodium obscurum strobili are not interrupted
by microphylls. Sporophylls are not
photo-synthetic.
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Strobilus Longisection
sporophyll
sterile jacket
spores (1N)
sporangium
stalk
All the spores are the same small size, so
Lycopodium is homosporous. The spores are shed
into the wind.
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Lycopodium gametophytes may be photosynthetic
http//www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/l/wlyal5-g
amicro16920.JPG
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The sperm is flagellated and chemotactic
http//www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/b
ot311-00/LycoRepro/Lycopodium_sperm.jpg
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Diphasiastrum complanatum a forest-dwelling
lycophyte
http//www.duke.edu/jspippen/plants/lycopodium-di
gitatum060709-8672alamancez.jpg
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Lycopodiella alopecuroides a grassland dwelling
lycophyte
http//128.253.177.181/users/robbin/9_7_05/upload9
0/Lycopodiella_X_gilmanii_ME48.JPG
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Lycopodium innundatum a bog-dwelling lycophyte
http//farm2.static.flickr.com/1270/1048564007_47a
cf0621a.jpg?v0
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Rhynia was a Psilotum-like swamp dwelling
organism living with Protolepidodendron, the
herbaceous ancestor of woody Lepidodendron in
swamps during the Devonian period.
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Lepidodendron was a large lycophyte tree living
in marshes. Dead plants and spores built up in
the peat of the marshes, were later overrun with
sediments, and by heat and pressure were
converted to coal.