Title: ?16? ??????? Atomic Emission Spectrometry
1?16? ???????Atomic Emission Spectrometry
2?16? ???????(Atomic Emission Spectrometry)
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- ???????????
- ??
-
??????? - Na Cs Rb Tl
- ? ? ? ??
3?16? ???????(Atomic Emission Spectrometry)
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- NaD2
-
Hg253.7 nm - Wollaston W.H.(1802) Kirchhoff G.(1860)
Woodson R.(1902) - Fraunhofer J.(1817) Bunson R.
4?16? ???????(Atomic Emission Spectrometry)
- 18591860 ???????????????
- Kirchhoff G.R. Bunsen R.W.
- ???????????
- ??????????????
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- ??????? 1/ 7
5?16? ???????(Atomic Emission Spectrometry)
- 16-1 ???????
- 16-2 ???????
- 16-3 ??????????
- 16-4 ??????????
-
6?16? ???????
16-1 ???????
- 1???????
- ??? ??????
- ???? ?????
- ??
CN?? -
359.04 388.34 412.60 nm ?? -
- ??????? ?????
- ???????????????
-
??? -
??????????
7?16? ???????
16-1 ???????
- 2????????????
- 10-8 s
- Ei
???? ??2-3????? - ??
????????
- ? ? h?
??????? - ??? ???? I a
C b - E0
- ??????????
- ?? ????h? ? ????
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???????????????? ????????????????? ????
8?16? ???????
16-1 ???????
- 2????????????
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- ?????
- (???)?????????
- ?????????
- ???????
- ???? ??? ??????
- ??? n 2S1
LJ ???? -
???? ???? -
?????? - Na 588.996 nm 32 S 1/2
-32 P 3/2 - 589.593 nm 32 S ½
-32 P 1/2
9?16? ???????
16-1 ???????
???????
a. ??????
????? b.????
10?16? ???????
1
16-2 ?????
11?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
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???????? - 1.??
- (1) ?? a. ?????
- b. ??
- (2) ?? a.????
- b.????? ?? ??
- ??
- ??
- c.???????????? ICP
-
12?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 1.??
-
- (3) ????
- ?? ?? ???? ??? ??
- ?? /K
- ???? ?? 1000-3000 ? ???????????
- ???? ? 4000-7000 ?? ???????????
- ????????
- ???? ? 4000-7000 ? ?????????
- ?? ? 5000-10000 ? ???????????
- ????
- ICP ?? 6000-8000 ?? ???????????
- ????
13?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
14?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
???????????????
15?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
16?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 2.???
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- ???? ????
- ????? ???
-
?????? - ???? ????
- CID???
- ?? ??????
- ???
- TJA
Solutions - ???
17?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 2.???
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- ????? ??
??? -
?????? - ??? ????
- ???
- CID???
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??????
????????? - ??
PerkinElmer
18?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
19?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 2. ???
-
- ??????????? ???????????
- ????
- ??(1)???? dI f2 d? ????
-
-----------
----------------- . --------------- - ?????? d? Sinf d?
- ??? ????? ?
- ????? 2Sin(a/2)
dn -
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
---------------------- - (1-n2
Sin2(a/2))1/2 d? - ??? ????
??????? - ??1?????????(??)?????????
- ?????????????????????
- 2??????????? ? nm / mm
- 3????????????
20?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 2. ???
-
- (2)????? R ?? / d?
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- ?? R m b (d n
/d?) -
????? - (3)?????????????
-
- ????? ??????
- L E / B (p/4) t Sinf (d 2/f2)2
- ?????? ???
- ????????(?????)???????,
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21?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 2. ???
- ?? (1)???? dI d? ????
-
----------- f2 .
--------------- - ?????? d? d?
-
? ??? - m
-
--------------------- - b Cos?
- ???? ???
- ????? ?? (8 0), Cos? 1
- ? d?/d?m/b dI/d?f2 (m/b)
-
?????
22?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 2. ???
- ??
-
- (2)????? R ?? / d?
- ??????
- ?? R m N
- (3)???????????????80????
-
- ????i ?ß ????????
-
??? ??? ??????????? - ????????????????????????!
- ????
23?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 3. ????
- ?????(???) ?? S log(I0/I)
- 310.0nm
24?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 3. ????
-
?? S log(I0/I) - ??????
- S C D ????
- ??? ???? ??
- ??
- ? tana
- ???
- ???? A B H Et
- S0 a
???? E ?I - lgHi b c lgH
????? - ??? ???? S ?(lgH-lgHi) I a
C b - ????? I0 I
25?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 3. ????
4 - ?????????(?????)
- ?? i?I??
- t ????? Q i t
- ????(C)???? U Q /C
- ?????( t ??) U K' I
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-
? -
I a C b
26?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 3. ????
-
4 - ???????(CID) ???????(CCD)
- 262000???
27?16? ???????
16-2 ?????
- 3. ????
4 - ???????(CID)
- ????????? ???? ????
- B Cr B
Cr
28?16? ???????
1
16-3 ????????
- 1??????????????
1 - ? ??????????
- ?? Boltzman ?? ??? i
- N i N0 (gi/g0) exp(-Ei/kT ) ? h?ij
- ???? ???? j
- g 2J1
- ?i?j ?????ij???? Iij
- Iij (1/4p)Ni L Aij h?ij ?? 0
- ??????? ????
Iij (1/4p) N0 (gi/g0) exp(-Ei/kT ) L Aij h?ij
? C ?????? ?????
29?16? ???????
16-3 ????????
?????? ???? (1-ß)N ????
??????? ???? ß N0 a C
ßN N N0 N0 (a/ß) C
aC h?
????
?? C
Iij?L exp(-Ei/kT )(a/ß)C
??? a (???????)
????
??????
30?16? ???????
16-3 ????????
??????ß
?? MX(s) MX(g)
MX(g) ???
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M M
e M h?
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??M???????M ??h??I? ?????(??????blt1) ?????????---
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31?16? ???????
16-3 ????????
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I a C b ?
lgI b lg C lg a
????? (?????) y A x B ??
32?16? ???????
16-3 ????????
- 2.????????????????(?????)
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- I a C b
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3316? ???????
16-3 ????????
- 2.????????????????(?????)
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- 1926? Gerlach ???????
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- ??C1??,??????? R ???C1
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??I1 - ?????
R - ???????????????2 ??I2(???)
3416? ???????
16-3 ????????
- 2.????????????????(?????)
- ?????
- ?1 I1 a1 C1 b1 exp(-E1/kT ) exp(-V1/kT )
- ?2 I2 a2 C2 b2 exp(-E2/kT ) exp(-V2/kT )
- R I1 /I2 (a1/ a2') C1 b exp(E2-E1/kT )
exp(V2-V1/kT ) -
- a C1 b exp(E2-E1/kT )
exp(V2-V1/kT ) - ?E2E1, V2V1 ????1, ?2?????
-
- R a C b
- ? lgR b lg C A
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3516? ???????
16-3 ????????
- 2.????????????????(?????)
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3616? ???????
16-3 ????????
- 3??????????????
-
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- ??? S ?(lg H lg Hi ) ? lg ( Et )
lg Hi - ????? t1 t2 ?1 ?2 Hi1
Hi2 - ? E ?I
- ?SS1-S2 ? lg ( E1/ E2) ? lg ( I1/ I2)
? lg R - ?S ?b lg C ?A
-
???????????
??? ?U R I1 / I2 U1
/ U2 a Cb
3716? ???????
16-3 ????????
- 4?????????
2 -
- ?? ??????
- ?? ??????
3816? ???????
16-3 ????????
3916? ???????
16-3 ????????
4016? ???????
116-4 ??????????
ICP ????? ?? ????? ????????????(??/??,m/z )
??? ???????? m/z
(B2R2e)/2V ????? ??????
?????? ???????
4116? ???????
16-4 ??????????
???
4216? ???????
16-4 ??????????
ICP-MS
4316? ???????
16-4 ??????????
4416? ???????
16-4 ??????????
ICP-MS?? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?
?????????? ?????,??? ? ??????????
4516? ???????
16-4 ??????????
ICP- AES ?ICP- MS?? ICP- AES
ICP- MS 100
µg/g Ce 10µg/g Ce
(0.4 ng/mL) ????100?(0.004 ng/mL)
46????????? ???????