GENETICS AN S 213

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GENETICSAN S 213

• Paula Gentry, PhD
• Chad Steining

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Contact InformationDr. Gentry

• 225 Shantz (West end, main floor, in small
  hallway)
• Office 626-3642
• Lab 626-3572
• Email pgentry_at_u.arizona.edu

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Contact InformationChad Steining

• 113 Forbes (Southwest corner of basement level)
• Lab 626-3572
• Cell 403-7095
• Email chads_at_ag.arizona.edu

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Concepts in Genetics7th Edition

• William S. Klug and Michael R. Cummings
• Will be available in the bookstore by the middle
  of September

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Welcome Back Picnic

• Wednesday, September 1, 430 PM
• Campus Ag Center (NW Corner of Campbell Ave and
  Roger Rd)
• Ag Ed Picnic Area (west of the equine center)
• Find out about dunking faculty, student clubs
  and organizations, scholarship recipients

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• Free food and T-shirts, games and door prizes
  (gift certificates and football tickets)
• Please contact MaryAnn Harris
• maharris_at_ag.arizona.edu
• Rides are available

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Job Announcement

• Student position with USDA (includes vacation and
  sick leave)
• Work with researchers studying aflatoxin and
  other agriculturally relevant fungi
• Contact Peg Kattnig kattnig_at_ag.arizona.edu

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COURSE OVERVIEW

• Four regular exams, 125 points each
• Drop one exam.. No make-up exams
• One comprehensive final exam, 125 points
• 500 POINTS TOTAL
• A ? 90 (?450 pts) B 80-89 (400-449)
• C 70-79 (350-399) D 60-69 (300-349)
• E ? 59 (? 299)

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EXPECTATIONS

• You deserve preparation, clarity and content from
  me.
• I expect you to prepare and attend. I also expect
  you to behave yourselves. You know what this
  means.
• Please, please, please, PUHLEEZE, avoid the
  following question
• Do I need to know this?
• If I talk about it in class, you need to know it.

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WHY GENETICS?

• Or,
• Why do they make us take this class?

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Why Genetics?
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Perspective!
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Why Genetics?

• Clothing cotton, wool?
• Food chicken, beef, pork, milk, rice, wheat,
  corn, yeast?
• Health drug discovery and production
  (antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents,
  recombinant compounds), organ culture, diseases
• Industry citric acid, amylase, pharming
• Biotechnologyaltered plant and animal genomes

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Why Genetics?

• GENETICS The study of genes, heredity and
  variation.
• at the level of the cell, the individual, an
  individuals offspring and the population in
  which individuals live.
• GENE A section of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),
  the hereditary material that a) passes from one
  generation to the next and b) encodes information
  used by cells to form and do the work of cells.

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Why Genetics?

• DNA is the key molecule that links all the
  disciplines of biology.

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Why Genetics?

• What are the different disciplines within
  Genetics?
• 1. Classical or Mendelian Genetics
• 2. Cytological Genetics
• 3. Molecular Genetics
• 4. Population Genetics

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Why Genetics? Classical or Mendelian Genetics

• How traits encoded in DNA are passed from one
  generation to the next

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Why Genetics?Cytological Studies

• How DNA is used within a cell to direct the
  formation and function of a particular cell type,
  within an organ or functional unit.
• Studies use light and electron microscopy to
  examine cell structure and function.

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Why Genetics?Molecular Genetics

• Chemical structure of DNA, and by extension of
  genes, and how they operate at the molecular
  level.

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Why Genetics?Population Genetics

• Study of variation of gene expression within and
  between populations

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How are the different disciplines in Genetics
useful?
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Plant Agriculture

• Increase yield
• Increase nutritional value
• Beta carotene (pre-vitamin A) in golden rice
• Increase disease and pest resistence
• StarLink Cornengineered to contain an
  insecticidal protein derived from a bacteria
• Animal feed only, but sneaked into two taco
  shells in fall 2000 and set off a storm of
  controversy regarding genetically engineered
  crops.

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Animal Agriculture

• Increase meat, milk, egg and wool yield
• Increase feed efficiency
• Artificial Insemination
• Increase genetic progress by inseminating many
  females with sperm from a single sire.

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Parentage Analysis

• In a mixed sire system, identification of sire
  and dam by marker analysis
• Can be coupled with identification of superior
  individuals and marker-assisted selection
  programs
• Combine to increase yield and production

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Pharming

• Pharmaceutical production from transgenic animals
• Insert a gene encoding a useful protein into the
  genome of an organism
• The useful protein is produced in large
  quantities by the organism (e.g. in milk or eggs)
  and can be purified
• Erythropoietin, tissue plasminogen activator,
  insulin, interferon

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Medicine

• Xenotransplantation
• Development of cells, tissues and organs from
  non-humans for transplantation into humans.
• Pig organs for transplantdevelopment of a strain
  of pigs whose cells do not express immunogenic
  markers on their surface
• Carries the risk of disease introduction AIDS,
  Ebola and Mad Cow Disease (BSE) are all thought
  to have spread to humans from animals

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Gene Therapy

• When human disease has been shown to result from
  a mutation in a single gene (e.g. cystic
  fibrosis), replacement of the defective/non-workin
  g gene with a working copy restores function

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Immunogenetics

• Identification of immune markers that are common
  between groups of individuals makes possible
  compatible blood transfusions and organ
  transplant surgery

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Disease Diagnosis

• DNA chips (microarrays)
• Thousands of short DNA sequences attached to a
  glass slide
• Represent different gene sequences from normal
  and diseased tissues
• Can be used to diagnose cancer and some metabolic
  diseases by identifying expression of genes
  associated with disease state

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Forensic Analysis

• Crime scene analysis
• DNA analysis to establish guilt or innocence