Classroom Management

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The Wonderful World of MicrobiologyThe Most
Abundant Life form on the Planet Why?
Yvonne Hanson Senior Infection
Prevention and Control Nurse
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Aims and Objectives

• To be able to begin to understand
• The organisms that are included within
  microbiology
• Bacteria and viruses
• The different types (focussing on MRSA,
• Clostridium difficile and Norovirus
• how they reproduce/multiply
• The basic elements that they require in order to
  survive
• the diseases that they cause
• Colonisation
• Infections how to recognise that there is an
  infection
• Wound swabbing and its importance
• Specimens
• How we can we prevent infections from occurring

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Some Organisms within Microbiology

• Viruses smallest, live/grow only within living
  cells
• - Norovirus, Flu, colds
• Bacteria reproduce quickly, major cause of
  disease
• - MRSA, Clostridium difficile,
• Protozoans larger than bacteria, origin soil
  water
• - Malaria
• Fungi budding reproduction, yeasts moulds
• - Thrush
• Multicellular parasites live on or in
• another organism, E.g. Worms

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What is a bacteria?

• Single celled organism
• Semi rigid which helps it to maintain its shape
• Circular DNA (some have extra plasmids contain
  non essential genes
• Have a long tail (some more complicated than
  others)
• Can produce toxins (poisons as a waste product)
• Needs a microscope to see it usually (what is
  the exception)

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Three Different Shapes

• Cocci (spherical)
• Bacilli (rod shaped)
• Spiral (Spirilla)
• vibrios comma-shaped

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Bacterial Multiplication
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Basic Elements Bacteria Need to Survive

• Food
• Moisture
• The right temperature 370C (us)!
• Time
• Oxygen depends!

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Reproduction of Viruses/How do they Multiply it
is very different to bacteria!
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Viruses How they Multiply
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Why Do Viral Infections Make Us Feel So Ill?
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How Do They Survive?

• Change their shape
• Change their coating
• Merge together
• Produce spores what are these?
• Withstand boiling
• Withstand freezing
• Withstand high salt concentrations
• Grow in marshes
• Can survive without oxygen
• They develop resistance to antibiotics why
  and how?
• Last not least the production of a bio film

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Bio Film
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Where Else Might Bio film Be a Problem within
your Care Home or even Your Own Home?
Bathroom shower drain
Escherichia coli
Catheter encrused with biofilm
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How Does Swabbing Show Which Antibiotics to Use?
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How Does Swabbing Show Which Antibiotics to Use?
Agar Plate
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• Recognising the Signs of Infection?
• Pain
• Heat hot to touch
• High temperature
• Swelling
• Discharge (exudate)
• Redness
• cellulitis
• Break down of further tissue
• Pus
• Odour

MRSA
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Clostridium difficile
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How Can We Keep Ourselves, Our Patients, Their
Families and Your Families Safe?

• Wash your Hands
• Awareness
• Effective communication
• Personal and patient hygiene
• Clean as you go
• Clean uniforms, washing at the highest
  temperature it will stand

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Infection Prevention
and Control
Its in Your Hands!
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Thank You Any Questions?