Nutrition

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Nutrition
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Child Adolescent Nutrition

• Differs from adult nutrition.
• Infancy needs
• Toddlers
• Adolescents

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Nutritional Needs

• Iron is important
• From toddlers to teenagers
• Special dietary needs for teenagers
• This is a time of growth spurts
• 20 of adult height
• 50 of adult weight

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Iron Deficiency Anemia

• What is anemia?
• Symptoms
• Fatigue / weakness
• Pale skin
• Rapid heartbeat
• Irritability
• Decreased appetite
• Dizziness / Lightheadedness

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Preventing Anemia

• Foods rich in iron
• Red meat, tuna, salmon, eggs, enriched grains,
  leafy green vegetables, fortified foods
• May need a supplement
• Recommended amounts
• 7-10 mg/day for children 1-12 years old
• 11 mg/day for adolescent boys 15 mg/day for girls

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Teenagers and Calcium

• Teenagers need calcium to build strong bones
• Calcium is also important for muscle contractions
• The osteoporosis connection
• Why talk about this in a child adolescent
  health class??

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Osteoporosis

• 1 of every 2 American women will get osteoporosis
  after the age of 65.
• Why worry about teenagers?
• Less than half of teenagers get enough calcium in
  their diet.
• For girls about 15 get enough calcium.
• The teenage years are the time to build strong
  bones

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Soda consumption Osteoporosis

• Girls who drank soft drinks 3x more likely to
  have a bone fracture
• Physically active girls 5x more likely to have a
  bone fracture
• Why?
• Phosphoric acid
• Less calcium consumption
• Source Harvard School of Public Health

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Who is at risk?

• Those who do not get enough calcium
• Females
• Those with high soft drink consumption
• Those who do not exercise

• Caucasians and Asians
• Family history
• Smoking
• Alcohol

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Prevention

• Eating calcium-rich foods
• Dairy products, calcium-fortified orange juice,
  leafy green vegetables, canned salmon or tuna
• May need a calcium supplement
• Weight-bearing exercises
• Limit soft drink consumption
• Dont smoke
• Notice anything about this list?

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Selling it to teenagers

• Make it beneficial in the short term
• May need to relate it to body image
• Calcium will help you grow taller
• Do you know those older people that are stooped
  over?
• Low-fat, non-fat alternatives for those worried
  about gaining weight.

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Eating Disorders
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Teenagers Eating Disorders

• Girls 15 19 years old
• Account for 40 of new anorexia cases every year.
• There has been a rise in anorexia among this age
  group every decade since 1930!
• Bulimia
• The incidences of bulimia have tripled among
  10-39 year-olds from 1988 to 1993
• Most of those with anorexia or bulimia do NOT
  receive adequate care.

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Teenagers Dieting

• Over ½ half of teenage girls and 1/3 of teen boys
  use unhealthy weight control behaviors.
• (Neumark-Sztainer, 2005)
• These behaviors include
• Skipping meals
• Fasting
• Smoking cigarettes to control weight
• Vomiting
• Taking laxatives

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The Female Athlete Triad

• What is it?
• Disordered eating
• Bone loss
• Amenorrhea
• Who is at risk?
• Consequences?

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Eating Disorders Media

• Tweens Teens are more likely to be dissatisfied
  with their bodies after watching media.
• Movies Television shows often have characters
  comment on appearance/weight.
• Advertisements often use an appeal to beauty to
  sell the product.
• National Institute on Media and the Family

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Self-starvation
• Essential nutrients are denied (no or little
  food) so the body slows down all normal processes
  to conserve energy.
• Health consequences
• Low blood pressure / heart rate
• Muscle loss / weakness
• Dehydration
• Fainting / fatigue
• Dry hair and skin

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• 90-95 are female so, 5-10 are male.
• Similar characteristics
• Preoccupied with weight
• Males may have preoccupation with body building,
  weight lifting or toning.
• Compulsive exercise
• Frequently weighing oneself
• Distorted body image

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Typically a binge purge method
• Binge secret periods of quickly eating
  high-calorie dense foods.
• Purge more than the typical vomiting.
• 80 are female
• Health consequences
• Irregular heartbeat heart failure death.
• Tooth decay
• Ulcers

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Warning Signs

• Anorexia
• Becomes very thin
• Obsesses over eating, food, weight
• Counts portions, calories carefully
• Only eats certain foods
• Feels fat
• Withdraws from social activities
• May be depressed, fatigued or cold all the time

• Bulimia
• Fears weight gain
• Intensely unhappy with body size, shape or weight
• Goes to the bathroom frequently or immediately
  after meals
• Regularly buys laxatives
• Spends most of free time working out
• Withdraws from social activities

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Prevention

• Examine your own body image
• Avoid power struggles over food
• Create a healthy lifestyle for the family

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More information

• Dying to be thin www.pbs.org
• Nova program