transportation and CO2

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The Global Automotive Industry Climate Change
and CO2 Fuel Quality and Emissions
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Transport CO2 emissions compared to TOTAL man
made emissions
12.2
18.2
Fuel combustion for other uses
Manufacturing Construction
15.9
Electricity Generation Heating
43.9
Road Transport (Cars, Trucks Buses)
Road transport share of global CO2
emissions LESS THAN 16 COST EFFICIENCY IS
CRUCIAL !
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CO2 emissions - EU-15 Sales weighted average
new passenger cars
-12.4 since 1995
8 l/100km
190
7.2 l/100km
180
170
6.7 l/100km
grammes/km
160
Petrol
150
5.8 l/100km
Diesel
140
All fuels
130
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source EU Commission communication
SEC(2006)1078
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Research and Development

• 85 billion /year in RD
• gt1000 000 cars/year in EU with lt120 g/km CO2
• Development of sophisticated technologies
• New propulsion technologies / alternative fuels
• Affordability
• Time to bring to the market
• Time to replace existing fleets

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The Integrated Approach to reduce Road Transport
CO2

• Vehicle technology and its penetration
• Fuel infrastructure
• Improved traffic management
• Final consumer ECO driving

Government policies Clear Coherent Predict
able Stable
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Fuel Quality

• Vehicle and fuel one complete integrated system
• Clean vehicles need clean fuels
• UN ECE activities starting to define link
  emissions/vehicle/fuel
• Strong support by auto industry

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Reducing CO2 emissions The situation in Europe
Xavier Fels President CCFA (French Automotive
Manufacturers Association)Vice-President
OICA Geneva Motor Show5 March 2008
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The engine of Europe

• 18.6 million vehicles produced per year, 1/3 of
  global production
• 2.3 million direct jobs, indirect employment for
  another 10 million families
• 20 billion in RD spending, largest private
  investor
• 41.6 billion of net trade contribution
• 360 billion of tax revenues

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The automotive industry is committed

• Automotive industry is strongly involved and
  committed
• 13 reduction CO2 emissions through vehicle
  performance only (1995-2005)
• Car industry is building on significant
  technological investments and progress to date
• All manufacturers are making considerable
  efforts
• Need for global, consistent and cost-effective
  action.

Engine and transmission Light weight
materials Improved aerodynamics
Alternative fuel technologies Friction reduction
Hybrid, plug-in and many
more
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EU Commission only focus on car technology

• December 19, 2007 European Commissions
  legislative proposal on CO2 reduction from cars
• 120g/km in 2012
• 130g/km through technologies (e.g. engine)
• 5g/km through bio fuels
• 5g/km through complementary vehicle technology
  measures (Gear shift indicator, Energy-efficient
  air-conditioning, Low rolling resistance tyres,
  Tyre pressure monitoring systems,)
• Narrow focus only on new car technology instead
  of an integrated approach involving all relevant
  stakeholders
• Contrary to holistic approach adopted in
  Commissions Energy Efficiency Action Plan
• Contrary to better regulation principles

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Reducing CO2 emissions integrated approach
An integrated approach
Delivering majority of new car CO2 reductions
Influencing demand in a harmonised way
Sustainable production
Reducing congestion
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Unrealistic lead time (1)

• 2012 for reaching 130g/km for new car fleet is
  unrealistic
• Typical product cycle for a car is 6-7 years
  development phase is 5 years from concept
  definition until start of production
• Of new cars sold in 2012
• Nearly 2/3 are already in execution or production
  phase
• The remaining 1/3 are already in concept phase
• ?

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Unrealistic lead time (2)
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The European auto industry needs

• Engagement of the consumers through a CO2
  oriented labelling and tax policy
• Fair and cost-effective rules it can comply with,
  in particular
• Level of compensation payments that should be no
  higher than for other sectors (the proposed level
  of penalty is equivalent to 475 per ton while
  the current CO2 price on the market is 5 per ton
  !)
• Better reward and encouragement for eco
  innovations such as
• Energy-saving car lights, tools to personalise
  engine and transmission management, tailored
  on-board computers and navigation systems

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• ? The European auto industry needs to maintain
  diversity and affordability of cars to customers.
  

Thank you
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How the United States Is Meeting the CO2
Challenge
March 5, 2008
PRESENTATION BYDave McCurdy President
CEOAlliance of Automobile Manufacturers
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Higher MPG, Lower CO2

• The historic 2007 U.S. Energy Bill will produce
  dramatic results by 2020
• Raises mileage standards to 35 MPG, a 40
  increase
• Reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) from autos by 30
• Avoids 206 million metric tons of greenhouse
  gases annually
• Lowers oil consumption by 1.1 million barrels a
  day
• Saves 18 billion gallons of gasoline per year
  and
• Requires 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels
  annually.

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Automakers Represent the First Industry to Make
Dramatic CO2 Reductions

• America needs a more CO2-efficient society, and a
  new fleet of CO2-efficient autos will be
  dominating the marketplace.d produce less CO2.
• By reducing CO2 by 30, automakers will lead all
  industries in setting a clear path to meeting the
  recent United Nations Bali Climate Change
  Summits goal of a 50 reduction in CO2 emissions
  by 2050.

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A Multi-Sector Approach to Climate Change

• EFFECTIVE POLICY NEEDS TO
• Foster more alternative fuel choices, especially
  more low-carbon, renewable fuels
• Implement an aggressive program to enhance
  Americas fuels infrastructure, so our advanced
  technology autos have the fuels needed to power
  them
• Empower the research and development community to
  move us closer to technology breakthroughs like
  batteries for plug-in hybrids and fuel cells
• Encourage the U.S. investment community to
  stimulate economic investments in our future
  fuels and technologies
• Involve all levels of government.

Consumers Policy should encourage consumers to
conserve fuel and to consider purchasing one of
the many fuel-efficient autos on sale today.
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• A Multi-Sector Approach to Climate Change

UTILITIES MANUFACTURING
CONSUMERS

• An effective climate change policy must be built
  upon a multi-sector approach that involves all
  stakeholders.

FUEL PROVIDERS
AIRPLANES
LOW-CARBON FUELS
AUTOS
BOATS
TRAINS
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Japans Approachto CO2 Reduction

• Yoshiyasu Nao
• President
• Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
• 5 March 2008

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CO2 emissions in Japans transport sector are
decreasing.
In line with the Kyoto Protocol, the Japanese
government formulated a target achievement plan
which established CO2 reduction targets for all
major sectors including the transport sector.
Since peaking in 2001, CO2 emissions in Japans
transport sector have been on a downward trend,
dropping to 254 million tons in 2006. Through
greater automotive fuel efficiency, improved
traffic flow, the wider use of alternative-energy
vehicles and other measures including the
adoption of eco-driving practices, the transport
sectors target for 2010 is achievable.



Greater fuel efficiency 21.0

CO2 Emission Volumes in Japans Transport Sector
Other 5.6
An estimated 54.9 million tons of CO2 will not be
emitted (through greater fuel efficiency 21
million tons through improved traffic flow 28.3
million tons through wider use of
alternative-energy vehicles and other measures
5.6 million tons) in order to meet Japans Kyoto
Protocol-related transport-sector target.


Improved traffic flow 28.3
million tons

2010
Source Ministry of Environment data
Source JAMA
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Achieving Greater Fuel Efficiency
?The average fuel efficiency of new cars sold in
Japan is increasing every year, making a
significant contribution to CO2
reduction. ?Japans 2010 fuel efficiency standard
for passenger cars has already been met (and in
fact exceeded), as a result of intensive efforts
and considerable financial investment by Japans
automakers. ?Reducing CO2 emissions in the
transport sector by 21 million tons through
greater fuel efficiency, as per Japans Kyoto
Protocol Target Achievement Plan, is
achievable. ?JAMA member companies are now
working hard towards compliance with Japans very
stringent 2015 fuel efficiency standard for
passenger cars.
Trend in the Average Fuel-Efficiency Performance
of Gasoline-Powered Passenger Cars

2015 fuel
efficiency target
Average fuel efficiency for new cars sold in
Japan reached 16.0 km/l in 2006, exceeding the
2010 target of 15.1 km/l.
Average fuel efficiency performance (new vehicles)
Despite the achievements in fuel efficiency
performance to date, meeting the 2015 target
remains a major challenge.
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Improving Traffic Flow
Improved traffic flow contributes to CO2
reduction by enabling increased vehicle speed,
which in turn contributes to greater automotive
fuel efficiency.
CO2 emissions
Improved traffic flow is achieved through
?Improvements to road infrastructure ?Greater
efficiency in goods distribution ?Wider
application of ITS ?Use of advanced
signal-control systems Etc.
CO2 emission levels
Source Japan Automobile Research Institute data
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Adopting an Integrated Sectoral Approach to CO2
Reduction
Improving automotive fuel efficiency and traffic
flow is not enough to reduce CO2 emissions in the
road transport sector. An integrated approach is
required, which includes the development and
supply of alternative fuels and a more efficient
use of vehicles. The adoption of these measures
will ultimately make CO2 reduction efforts
compatible with economic growth. All stakeholders
concerned should identify their individual
responsibilities and make their best efforts to
carry them out, in a framework of mutual
cooperation.
Government/ Fuel suppliers/ Automakers biofuels,
etc.
Automakers/ Government fuel efficiency standards
Supply of Alternative Fuels
Greater Fuel Efficiency
Vehicle users (with the cooperation of fleet
operators government promotion) eco-driving,
vehicle sharing, more efficient goods
distribution, shift to rail transport, etc.
More Efficient Use of Motor Vehicles
Government road infrastructure upgrades, ITS,
enforce- ment of parking bans, etc.
Improved Traffic Flow
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Summary
?CO2 reductions in the transport sector can be
achieved through comprehensive measures
including greater automotive fuel efficiency
(through improved vehicle technologies), improved
traffic flow (through road infrastructure
improvements including better traffic
management), and the more efficient use of
vehicles. ?Under Japans Kyoto Protocol Target
Achievement Plan, an integrated, sectoral
approach to reducing road transport CO2 emissions
is steadily proving successful. ?The sectoral
approach can be adopted globally on a
country-by-country basis. JAMA hopes that many
countries will decide to adopt this approach and
take action accordingly, so that CO2 reductions
can be achieved worldwide.
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Thank you! Read our annual environment
report _at_www.jama-english.jp
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Overview of Current Fuel consumption targets in
EU, US and Japan

• Corporate Average Fuel Economy (Uniform Target)
• Present target 27,5 mpg
• 204 gCO2/km (US Cycle)
• Penalties 5,5 per 0,1 mpg
• 5 per gCO2/km x vol. cars
• Future Target 35 mpg by 2020
• 160 gCO2/km (US Cycle)

• Parametric approach
• Weight (segmentation)
• Future Target 16.8 km/l by 2015
• 138 g CO2/km (Japan Cycle)
• Penalties 6.000 /manufacturer
• Integrated Approach Approximately 50 CO2
  reduction by infrastructure

• Parametric approach Weight (segmentation)
• Target 120 gCO2/km by 2012
  (130 g through Vehicle Technology
  - 10 g through Complementary
  measures biofuels)
• Penalties 2012 / 2013 / 2014 / 2015
• 20 / 35 / 60 /
  95 / g CO2/km x vol. cars
• Integrated Approach 5 gr CO2 reduction by
  biofuels
• NO reduction by Infrastructure

Commission proposal - under discussion
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