Respirators

1
Lead Abatement 29 CFR 1910.1025
Phone [phone] Fax [phone] E-mail
hazmat_at_iuoeiettc.org
1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813
2

• This material was produced under grant number
  46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It
  does not necessarily reflect the views or
  policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
  does mention of trade names, commercial products,
  or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.
  Government.

3
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Lead is one of the earliest known elements
• used by man. Its toxic nature has been
• obvious since its discovery. The potential for
• exposure to lead exists during all lead-based
• abatement/elimination projects.

4
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Lead can enter the body in two ways, through the
  lungs and the digestive system. Most workers are
  exposed to lead through the lungs because of lead
  particles in the air.
• For this reason it is very important to wear the
  proper protection required where lead levels are
  above the PEL.

5
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Each employer shall establish and implement
• a written compliance program to reduce
• exposures to or below the permissible
• exposure limit. This plan shall be revised
• and updated at least every 6 months.

6
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• The written plan shall include
• 1. Description of each operation in which lead is
  emitted
• 2. Description of plans and studies for
  compliance
• 3. A report of technology planned for meeting PEL
• 4. Air monitoring data
• 5. A detailed schedule for implementation of the
• program.

7
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• The written plan shall include
• 6. A work practice program
• 7. An Administrative control schedule
• 8. Arrangements made by contractors on multi-
• contractor sites

8
Lead Abatement 1910.1025
Mechanical ventilation

• When ventilation is used to control exposure,
  measurements which demonstrate the effectiveness
  of the system in controlling exposure shall be
  made at least every 3 months and within 5 days of
  any change in production.

9
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Administrative controls
• A job rotation schedule is needed when
  administrative controls are used as a means of
  reducing employees TWA exposure to lead.
• The schedule should include
• 1. Name or ID number of each affected employee
• 2. Duration and exposure levels at each job/work
• station
• 3. Any other pertinent information

10
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Respiratory protection will be used in the
  following circumstances
• 1. During the time period
• necessary to install or
• implement engineering
• or work practice controls
• 2. Whenever an employee
• requests a respirator

11
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Respiratory protection will be used in the
• following circumstances
• 3. In work situation in which engineering
• and work practice controls are not
• sufficient to reduce exposures to or below
• the PEL

12
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Respirator selection
• 1. Where respirators are required, the employer
• shall select the appropriate respirator or
• combination of respirators
• 2. Employer shall provide a powered air-
• purifying respirator (PAPR) when requested
• 3. The respirator will provide adequate
• protection
• 4. Employer shall select for protection against
• lead, dust, fume and mist

13
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Respirator usage
• The employer shall institute a respiratory
• protection program. This will insure that
• employees who use a filter respirator are able
• to change the filter elements whenever an
• increase in breathing resistance is detected.

14
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Respirator usage
• These employees will be permitted to leave
• work areas to wash their face and respirator
• facepiece whenever necessary to prevent skin
• irritation associated with respirator use.

15
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Respirator usage
• Employers shall insure
• 1. Respirators issued to the employees will
  exhibit
• minimum facepiece leakage and that the
• respirator is fitted properly.
• 2. Quantitative or qualitative face fit tests
  will be
• performed at the time of initial fitting and
  at least
• every six months thereafter for each employee
• wearing negative pressure respirators.

16
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Respirator usage
• Employers shall insure
• 3. If an employee exhibits difficulty in
  breathing during the fit test or during use, the
  employer shall give an examination to determine
  whether the employee can wear a respirator while
  performing the required duty.

17
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Protective clothing
• If an employee is exposed to lead above the PEL,
• the employer shall provide appropriate protective
• work clothing and equipment at no cost to the
• employee. This would include items such as
• ? Coveralls or similar full-body work
  clothing
• ? Gloves, hats, and shoes or
  disposable shoe coverlets
• ? Face shields, venting goggles or
  appropriate shielding

18
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing
• The employer shall assure or provide
• 1. Protective clothing in a clean and dry
  condition
• at least weekly, and daily to employees whose
• exposure levels are 200 ug/m3 of lead as
• an 8-hour TWA
• 2. Clothing is removed at the completion of a
  work
• shift only in change rooms provided for that
• purpose

19
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing
• The employer shall assure or provide
• 3. Clothing shall be repaired or replaced as
• needed to maintain their effectiveness
• 4. Cleaning, laundering, or disposal of these
  items are placed in a closed container to prevent
  dispersion of lead

20
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Cleaning and replacement of protective clothing
• The employer shall assure or provide
• 5. Persons cleaning or laundering protective
  clothing
• or equipment shall be informed in writing of
  the
• potentially harmful effects of exposure to
  lead
• 6. Containers of contaminated protective clothes
  are
• labeled appropriately with CAUTION notices

21
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Housekeeping
• 1. All surfaces shall be maintained free of
  accumulations
• 2. Clean-up floors and other surfaces (vacuum to
• reduce airborne)
• 3. Shovel, dry or wet sweep as second resort
• 4. Compressed air shall not be used unless in
• conjunction with ventilation system

22
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Hygiene facilities and practices
• The employer shall assure no food, beverage,
• tobacco products, or cosmetics are consumed,
• present, or used except in change rooms,
• lunchrooms, and showers.
• These specified areas are provided for the
  safety
• and convenience of employees exposed to lead
• above the PEL.

23
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Hygiene facilities and practices
• Change rooms
• The employer shall
• 1. Provide clean change areas
• 2. Provide separate storage areas for
  contaminated
• and street clothes
• 3. Assure employees do not leave workplace
• wearing PPE worn during shift

24
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Hygiene facilities and practices
• Showers Handwashing facilities
• The employer shall
• 1. Assure that employees shower finishing work
• shift or wash hands and face when no showers
• are present
• 2. Provide adequate handwashing facilities
• 3. Provide adequate cleansers and towels

25
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Hygiene facilities and practices
• Eating facilities
• The employers shall
• 1. Assure cafeterias shall have filtered air
  supply
• 2. Assure easily accessibility to employees
• 3. Assure that facilities are free of lead
• 4. Assure all employees wash hands and face prior
  to entering
• 5.Assure no contaminated clothing enters this
  area

26
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• The employer shall
• 1. Institute a medial surveillance program for
  all
• employees who are or may be exposed to lead
• above the PEL for more than 30 days per year.
• 2. Assure all examinations and procedures are
• performed by or under the supervision of a
• licensed physician at no cost to the
  employee.

27
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Biological monitoring
• The employer shall
• 1. Make available biological monitoring in the
• form of blood sampling and analysis for
  lead
• and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels to
  each
• employee
• 2. Schedule testing at least every 2 months for
  the
• first 6 months and every 6 months thereafter

28
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Biological monitoring
• Any employee whose last blood sampling and
• analysis indicated a blood lead level at or gt 40
• micrograms /dl will be tested at least every two
• months. This will continue until 2 consecutive
• blood samples and analysis indicate a level lt 40
• micrograms /dl

29
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Biological monitoring
• Testing will be done at least monthly during the
  removal period of each employee removed from
  exposure to lead due to an elevated blood lead
  level. The employer shall provide a second blood
  test within two weeks after the employer
  receives the results of the first blood test.

30
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Biological monitoring
• This testing shall have an accuracy (to a
• confidence level of 95 percent) within plus or
• minus 15 percent of 6 micrograms /dl,
• whichever is greater, and shall be conducted
• by a laboratory approved by OHSA

31
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Biological monitoring
• Within 5 working days after the receipt of
  biological
• monitoring results, the employer shall notify in
  
• writing each employee whose blood lead level
• exceeds 40 ug/100 g of their
• 1. Blood lead level
• 2. Temporary medical removal with
• Medical Removal Protection benefits

32
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• The employer shall make available medical
• examinations
• 1. At least annually for those with previous
  tests
• (within 12 months) which indicated a level at
• or above 40 ug/100 g
• 2. As soon as possible upon signs of symptoms
• commonly associated with lead intoxication

33
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• The employer shall make available medical
• examinations
• 3. Prior to assignment for each employee being
• assigned for the first time to an area in
  which
• airborne concentrations of lead are at or
  above
• the action level

34
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• The employer shall make available medical
• examinations
• 4. As medically appropriate for each employee
• either removed from exposure to lead due to a
• risk of sustaining material impairment to
• health, or otherwise limited pursuant to a
  final
• medical determination.

35
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• The content of medical examinations, if
• requested, shall include
• 1. A thorough physical examination, with
• particular attention to teeth, gums,
  hematologic,
• gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular,
• reproductive and neurological systems.

36
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• The content of medical examinations, if
• requested, shall include
• 2. A detailed work history and a medical history,
• with particular attention to past lead
  exposure,
• personal habits, and past gastrointestinal,
• hematologic, renal, cardiovascular,
• reproductive and neurological problems.

37
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• The content of medical examinations, if
• requested, shall include
• 3. Blood pressure measurement
• 4. A routine urinalysis
• 5. Any laboratory or other test which the
• examining physician deems necessary by
• sound medical practice.

38
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• 6. A blood sample and analysis which determines
• a. Blood lead level
• b. Hemoglobin and hematocrit, red cell indices,
• and exam peripheral smear morphology
• c. Zinc protoporphyrin
• d. Blood urea nitrogen
• e. Serum creatinine

39
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Medical surveillance
• Examinations Consultations
• If the employer selects the initial physician who
• conducts any medical examination or
• consultation, the employee may designate a
• second physician to
• 1. Review any findings of the initial physician
• 2. Conduct such examinations, as the second
• physician deems necessary

40
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Temporary removal due to elevated blood lead
  levels would apply to
• 1. An employee having an elevated blood lead
  level
• at or above 60 ug/100 g of whole blood
• 2. An employee whose average of the last 3 blood
• sampling tests conducted indicates that the
• employees blood lead level is at or above
• 50 ug/100 g of whole blood

41
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Temporary removal due to a final medical
  determination would apply to
• An employee having been examined and found to
  have
• conditions which places him/her at increased risk
  of
• material impairment to health from exposure to
  lead.
• Final medical determination shall meet the
  outcome of
• the multiple physician review mechanism or
  alternate
• medical determination

42
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Return of employee to former job status
• 1. Only when two consecutive blood sampling
• tests indicate a level at or below 40
  ug/100 g
• 2. When final medical determination states
  that
• the employee no longer has a detected
• medical condition which places the
  employee
• at increased risk

43
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Return of employee to former job status
• Exceptions
• 1. If initial removal, special protection or
  limitation
• resulted from a final medical determination
  which
• differed from the findings/determinations of
• recommendations of the initial physician.
• 2. If the employee has been on removal status for
  the
• preceding eighteen months due to elevated
  blood
• lead levels

44
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Up to 18 months of medical removal protection
  benefits are provided on each occasion that an
  employee is removed due to exposure to lead. The
  employer may condition the provision of medical
  removal protection benefits upon the employees
  participation in follow-up medical surveillance.

45
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Definition of medical removal protection
  benefits
• The employer shall maintain the earnings,
  seniority
• and other employment rights and benefits of an
• employee as though the employee had not been
• removed

46
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Employee information and training
• An employer having a workplace in which there is
  a
• potential exposure to airborne lead at any level
  shall
• institute a training program.
• The initial training shall be provided by 180
  days
• from the effective date and prior to the time of
  the
• initial job assignment. This program shall be
• repeated at least annually for each employee.

47
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Employee information and training
• The employer shall assure that each employee is
  informed of the following
• 1. The content of this standard and its
  appendices
• 2. The specific nature of the operations which
• could result in exposure to lead above
  the action
• level
• 3. The purpose, proper selection, fitting, use,
  and
• limitations of respirators

48
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Employee information and training
• The employer shall assure that each employee is
• informed of the following
• 4. Communicate information concerning
• lead hazards according to OSHA
• 5. The purpose and description of the medical
• surveillance program
• 6. The engineering controls and work practices
• associated with the employees job
  assignment.

49
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Employee information and training
• The employer shall provide, upon request, all
• materials relating to the employee information
• and training program to the Assistant
• Secretary and the Director.
• A copy of this standard and its appendices is
• to be made readily available to all affected
• employees

50
Lead Abatement 1910.1025

• Posting of signs
• Employer shall post the following warning signs
• in each work area where the PEL is exceeded
• WARNING
• LEAD WORK AREA
• POISON
• NO SMOKING OR EATING

51

• This material was produced under grant number
  46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It
  does not necessarily reflect the views or
  policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
  does mention of trade names, commercial products,
  or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.
  Government.

52
End

• This publication was made possible by grant
  numbers 5 U45 ES06182-07 and 5 U45 ES09763-07
  from the National Institute of Environmental
  Health Sciences, NIH with funds from EPA and DOE.
  Its contents are solely the responsibility of
  the authors and do not necessarily represent the
  official views of the NIEHS, NIH, EPA, or DOE.