Introduction to Computer Programming

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Introduction to Computer Programming

• Lecture - 1

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Computer Programming-

• Computer programming is the process of designing,
  writing, testing, and maintaining the source
  code of computer programs.

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Computer Program-

• A computer program is a sequence
  of instructions written to perform a specified
  task for a computer.
• A computer requires programs to function.
• Computer software is the collection of computer
  programs that provide the instructions telling a
  computer what to do.
• Programs are written in a programming language,
  example C language

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Program consists of-

• Keywords Keywords are the predefined elements of
  a program. They may only be used for their
  intended purpose.
• Defined Symbols Elements defined by the
  programmer. They are symbolic names that refer to
  variables.
• Operators and Operands Operators perform
  operations on one or more operands. An operand
  is usually a piece of data, like a number.
• For example a b
• --- Operator
• a, b --- Operands
• Syntax and Semantic Rules followed while
  constructing a program. Syntax dictates how key
  words and operators must be used.

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What is a Programmer?

• A programmer or computer programmer or coder is
  the one who writes computer programs to develop
  computer software.
• Programmers use a Programming language to write
  the computer programs.

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Programming Languages-

• Computer programming language can be classified
  into two major categories
• Low level
• Low level programming languages are close to the
  machine(computer hardware).
• They doesnt need compiler or interpreter for
  execution of a program.
• Example 1 - Machine Language
  (Binary language 0s and 1s) 2 -
  Assembly Language (OPCODEs and MNEMONICS)

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Continued-

• 2-High Level Languages (HLL)
• High level programming languages are close to the
  User that is machined independent.
• They need compiler or interpreter for execution
  of a program.
• Example 1 - Visual Basic
  2 - Pascal 3 - Java 4 C,
  C and many more.

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Program Execution?

• Each programming language is associated with a
  Compiler or/and Interpreter.
• Compilers and Interpreters are needed to execute
  or run the program and to get the result.

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What is Compiler?

• A Compiler is a program that translates a
  high-level language into a low-level.The
  compiler takes the file that you have
  written(Source code) and produces another
  file(Object code) from it.The Source code is
  user understandable and Object Code is Machine
  Understandable

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Compiler
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What is Interpreter?

• A Compiler is also a program that translates a
  high-level language into a low-level.
• It does it at the moment the program is run.
• It takes the program, one line at a time, and
  translates each line before running it It
  translates the first line and runs it, then
  translates the second line and runs it etc.

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Interpreter
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Software Engineering
Software engineering (SE) is -the profession conc
erned with specifying, designing, developing and
maintaining software applications by
applying technologies. 
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FIVE basic phases of Software Development Life
Cycle -

• Requirement and Analysis
• System Design
• Coding and Implementation
• Integration and Testing
• Deployment and maintenance