Agenda

1
Agenda
2
Vocabulary Words
RNA Codon Anticodon Amino Acid Intron Polypep
tide
Transcription Translation Messenger
RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA
Exon Uracil Gene Ribosome Enzyme
3
RNA
A monomer of RNA is made up of nucleotides.

• Nucleotides have 3 parts
• Simple Sugar
• 2. Phosphate
• 3. Nitrogenous Base

Ribose
1 phosphorus atom surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms
4 bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)
4
RNA
RNA is a nucleotide like DNA, but differs in
structure 3 ways
1. Single Stranded
2. Simple Sugar is Ribose
3. RNA contains Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T)
5
RNA
3 Types of RNA 1. Messenger
RNA (mRNA) 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 3.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
6
Why do we Need DNA?
DNA carries the instructions for making
proteins. DNA cannot leave the nucleus, but the
instructions must be sent to the ribosome's in
the cytoplasm.
7
Why DNA?
During transcription DNA is transcribed (copied)
into messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA carries the
instructions out of the nucleus to the ribosomes.
8
Transcription
Transcription takes place in the nucleus.
Enzymes make an mRNA copy of a portion of a DNA
strand.
Transcription results in a single strand of mRNA.
9
Transcription
DNA contains non-coding nucleotide sequences
called introns.
These do not carry instructions (or code) for
making proteins
Nucleotide sequences that contain coding
information are called exons. These
parts are expressed
10
Coding Sequences
DNA A-T-C-A-A-G-C-G-T-A-G-A-T-A
RNA
A-
U
U-
G-
C-
U-
G-
A-
C-
U-
A-
C-
U-
U-
DNA T-C-G-A-C-A-A-T-G-G-C-A-T-C RNA
A-G-C-U-G-U-U-A-C-C-G-U-A-G
11
Agenda
Translation Notes Start mRNA model Worksheet Prela
b
Warm-Up
The process of making a strand mRNA form a
portion of DNA is called? This process takes
place where in the cell? Answer in complete
sentences!
12
Translation
mRNA to Protein
Once the mRNA is transcribed it can leave the
nucleus and acts as a genetic message that
contains all the information to build a protein.
Proteins are made up of amino acids.
There are 20 amino acids. These are coded for by
the 4 bases.
A code is needed to translate mRNA to proteins
13
Translation
mRNA to Protein
Translation is converting the information from
mRNA to a sequence of amino acids to a protein
Translation takes place at the ribosomes
14
(No Transcript)
15
Translation
mRNA to Protein
Three nitrogenous bases in mRNA code for one
amino acid.
Each three letter word is called a codon.
There are 64 possible combinations from the 4
bases!
Ex Glycine (aa) can have the codons GGU,
GGC, GGA, or GGG However GGG can only code for
Glycine
16
More than one codon can code for the same amino
acid. For any codon there is only one amino
acid. All organism use the same
codeUniversal
17
(No Transcript)
18
Translation
mRNA to Protein
A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, carrying an amino
acid, must join with the correct codon on the
mRNA molecule.
The amino acids link together to form a
polypeptide chain of the protein.
The tRNA has a sequence of three nucleotides
called the anticodon, because they bind to the
codon of the mRNA
19
(No Transcript)
20
his
thr
Stop
A C G C A U U G A
21
(No Transcript)
22
Agenda
DNA Lab Lab Report
Warm-Up

• During translation, a mRNA codon is matched with
• The anticodon of rRNA molecule that carries 3
  amino acids
• The anticodon of tRNA molecule that carries 3
  amino acids
• The anticodon of tRNA molecule that carries 1
  amino acids

23
Book Assignment!
Copy the question. Answer in complete sentences
or copy all answer choices! Page Understanding
Key Ideas 2, 3, 6 Page Understanding
Concepts 1, 3, 4 Page Section 1
Review 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Essay Two page
typed research paper on DNA. Include information
on the discovery of the molecule and its
structure and how DNA is used in forensic science.
24
Agenda
Packets Due Take Quiz Return last weeks
quiz Turn in RNA worksheet and model Finish
protein synthesis pamphlet
25
(No Transcript)