World War I and South Carolina

1
World War I and South Carolina

• What role did South Carolina play with its
  involvement in World War I?

2
How World War I Began

• It begins in the Balkans with Russia and
  Austria-Hungary trying to dominate the region.
• Serbian Nationalists want to assassinate Archduke
  Ferdinand in 1914. He has a bomb thrown into his
  open topped car and he throws it out. Later he
  is visiting individuals hurt in the attack and he
  is shot.

3
The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
4

• Over the next few weeks, most of the major
  European countries are at war
• President Wilson issues a proclamation of
  neutralityU.S. will stay out of the war.

5
Central Powers

• Austria-Hungary
• German Empire
• Bulgaria
• Ottoman Empire

6
Allied Powers

• Russia
• England
• France
• United States (joined in 1917)

7
How the U.S. became involved World War I (WWI)

• The U.S. remained neutral for the first 3 years
  of the war.
• So what got us involved?
• The sinking of a British passenger ship, the
  Lusitania, by German U-boats in the spring of
  1915.
• Why does this matter?
• The ship was carrying 100 American passengers.

8
A German U-Boat
9
The Lusitania Sunk
10

• The German Command said it would torpedo any
  boat. Neutrality did not matter!
• The last straw was the interception of the
  Zimmerman Note.
• This telegraph proposed German support for a
  Mexican attack in the U.S. southwest.

11

• For their involvement, Mexico would get the land
  it lost during the Mexican-American war. (Texas,
  Arizona, New Mexico, California, Colorado, Utah,
  and Nevada)
• On April 4, 1917 the Senate voted yes to enter
  the war.
• On April 7, 1917 the House voted yes to enter
  the war.

12
TheZimmermanTelegraph
13
World War I Map
14
We Want You!

• The U.S. was not ready to enter the war, so
  Congress passed the Selective Service Act to
  ensure there would be enough soldiers for the
  effort.
• Selective Service Act Draft law that required
  any male between the ages of 21-30 to register
  for service and serve if called.

15
WWI Recruiting Poster
16
WWI Recruiting Poster
17
WWI Recruiting Poster
18

• Almost 24 million males signed up for the draft
  and 2.7 million were called up for service.

Sample Draft Card
19

• On November 11, 1918 Germany signs the armistice
  which ends the war.
• Today, we celebrate Veterans Day (Armistice Day)
  to remember the end of World War I

20
South Carolina Military Bases

• Camp Sevier Located in Greenville to train
  soldiers to fight in WWI. They even had to use
  wooden guns because the real ones could only be
  used for war.
• Camp Wadsworth Located in Spartanburg to train
  the National Guard troops for the war.
• Fort Jackson Located in Columbia which
  transformed a barren farm into the largest
  military base in the state.

21

• Parris Island - Located on Parris Island in the
  southern part of South Carolina where Marines
  were trained to fight in WWI.
• Charleston Naval Yard Located in Charleston,
  this naval yard built and repaired ships for the
  war effort.

22
Camp Sevier
Camp Wadsworth
Charleston Naval Yard
Fort Jackson
Parris Island
23
A Major South Carolinian in WWI

• Bernard Baruch (born in Camden) was chosen by
  President Wilson to lead the War Industries Board
• Under his leadership, the country produced every
  kind of war supply possible
• This production helped the U.S. achieve victory
  in WWI

24
The Great Migration

• In 1910, three out of every four black Americans
  lived on farms, and nine out of ten lived in the
  South before WWI.
• After 1917, hoping to escape tenant farming,
  sharecropping, and peonage, 1.5 million southern
  blacks moved to cities in the late teens and
  1920s.

25

• During the 1910s and '20s, Chicago's black
  population grew 148 percent, Cleveland's by 307
  percent, Detroit's by 611 percent.
• African Americans created cities-within-cities
  during the 1920s. The largest was Harlem, in
  upper Manhattan, where 200,000 African Americans
  lived in a neighborhood that had been virtually
  all-white fifteen years before.