Polymerisation

1
05/09/2014
Polymerisation

• L.O.
• I know what polymerisation is and the conditions
  needed for it to occur.
• I can name the polymer made given the monomer.
• I can polymerise nylon safely.

500 PM
2
What things would be made from plastics nowadays?
500 PM
3
Making Plastics
Whenever oil companies _______ large molecules
into smaller ones, _______ is made. Ethene is a
very useful little molecule. It is the _______
material for many plastics. Plastics were first
made on a ______ scale in the 1930s. Plastics
are _____ molecules. They are usually long chains
made from __________ of atoms. These long chain
molecules are called _________.(Poly- meaning
many e.g. a polygon is a many sided shape)
crack
ethene
starting
large
huge
thousands
polymers
500 PM
4
Making Plastics
Polymers are made from thousands of _______
reactive molecules called __________. (Mono-
meaming one e.g. a monorail is a railway with
only one track.) The reaction is called
_____________.
small
monomers
polymerisation
HIGH PRESSURE lots
of monomers polymer
CATALYST
500 PM
5
Poly(e)thene

• One important reaction of alkenes involves the
  joining together of alkene molecules.

And lots more..
Lots of ethene molecules 1
2 3 4
5 thousands
This is called addition polymerisation and is
written as
Pressure catalyst
n
n
ethene
poly(e)thene
6

• The monomer propene can also be
• polymerised to produce polypropene.

n
n
propene
Poly(propene)
7

• Tetrafluoroethene is another alkene that is made
  into an important plastic used to coat non-stick
  pans polytetrafluoroethane or PTFE.

n
n
Poly(tetrafluoroethane) or PTFE
tetrafluoroethene
8
Activity

• Fill in the products that will be obtained from
  vinyl chloride

H
Cl
H
Cl
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
n
pvc
polyvinylchloride
9
Activity

• Fill in the monomer that produced polystyrene and
  name the monomer.

C C styrene

H
H
H
H
C C C C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
n
polystyrene
10
Making Nylon Condensation Polymerisation
Small quantities of monomer A and monomer B were
carefully poured into a beaker. The polymer
Nylon was formed at the interface of the 2
monomers.
11
Across Down
 3) separate substances with different boiling points 1) Contain a double bond
7) saturated hydrocarbon 2) A polymer made from the monomer ester
8) joining of many small molecules 4) breaking up a large molecules
9) full up unable to add more atoms 5) the different substances collected from distillation
6) used to test for unsaturated molecules.
A
T
U
R
A
T
E
D
12

• Which of these is an alkane?
• C6H14
• C4H8
• C102H204

13

• Which of these is a true statement about
• alkenes?
• A. They turn bromine water from colourless to
  red
• B. They contain a double bond
• C. The smallest alkene has 1 carbon atom

14

• Which of these is a true statement about
  cracking?
• A. it is the separation of molecules into
  fractions of different sizes.
• B. it produces polymers
• C. it uses a catalyst.

15

• Which of these is a true statement about
  polymerisation?
• it is the joining together of many small
  molecules.
• it is the thermal decomposition of plastics
• it is carried out using saturated molecules

16

• Which of these is an addition polymer?
• A. styrene
• B. ethene
• C. p.v.c.

17

• How might you test to see if polystyrene still
• contained some unsaturated monomer (styrene)?
• A. Crush it up and burn it.
• B. Crush it up and add it to bromine water
• C. Crush it up and add hydrochloric acid

18
Bingo!!

1. alkane 9. catalyst
2. alkene 10. heat
3. covalent 11. hydrocarbon
4. petrol 12. crude oil
5. cracking 13. ethene
6. useful 14. butane
7. carbon 15. octane
8. hydrogen 16. double