??????(cytochemistry)

1
???.?????????

• ??????
• ??????(cytochemistry)
• ?????????
• ????
• ???????

2
??????

• ????????????
• ???????????, ???????,???????????
• ????????
• ???????(binocular microscope)
• ?????(fluorescence microscope)
• ?????(phase contrast microscope)
• ??????(dark field microscope)
• ?????

3
?????????????
4
???(resolution)

• R 0.61 ?/n Sina
• n??????????????. ???1. ??1.5
• a???????????, sina?????1
• ?????????
• 0.61????????,???????????????????
• ??????,????????????????,???????,???????????

5
????????????????
  ???? ?? ?? ??
????? 300 nm ??? ???? ????
????? 200 nm(??) ??? ???? ????
????? 100 nm ??? ???? ????
????? 0.1 nm ??? ???? ??
?2-2 ????????????????
6
??????(cytochemistry)

• ???????(enzyme cytochemistry)
• ???????????????????????
• ????????(immunocytochemistry)
• ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????

7
????

• ?????????????,??????????????????
• ?????????
• ?????? ??
• ??????
• ????(??.??.???)

8
???????
9
??????????????????
10
CsCl ????????DNA
11
????(cell culture)

• ????????????,???????????,???????????????????
• ?????????
• ????
• ????
• ?????

12
????(primary culture)

• ??????????????????????

13

• ???????(cell line and cell strain)
• ? ??? ??????????????????,
• ? ??? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• ????????
• ? ????
• ??????????????(????????)???????, ??????,
  ?????????????, ?????, ??????????????????????????(c
  ontact inhibition)????
• ????
• ????????????????, ???????????,
  ?T?????????????????????, ??????, ???????????????

14
????????????

• ????(cell fusion)
• ?????????,?????????????????????????(?2-33)?
• ???????(monoclonal antibody technique)
• 1975??????Milstein?Kohler??????????,????1984??????
  ?

15
????
16
???????
17
???????????

• 1997?,???????????I.WI.Wilmut??????????????????????
  ????????????,??????????????

18
???????

• ??????(gene engineering)
• PCR??
• ???????(gene knockout)???(gene knockin)
• ?????????

19
????(gene cloning)

• ?????????????????

20
PCR??

• PCR?????????? (polymerase chain reaction)
  ???,?80???????????????????????

21
??????????

• ??????(????)????????
• ???????????,????????????????
• ???????????????

22
????(knock in of gene)

• ?????????(?????????.???????),????????????????????,
  ???????,????????,??????.

23
?????????

• ???????????????????????????,?????????????????,????
  ??????????????????(

24
??????????????????, ????????

• ?????????????, ??????????????????