MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

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CHAPTER 13
Information Technology for Business
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IT Basics 

• Information Technology (IT)
• The various appliances and devices for creating,
  storing, exchanging, and using (????? ??????
  ?????? ???????? )information in diverse modes
  (????? ?????? ), including visual images, voice,
  multimedia, and business data
• E-commerce (Electronic commerce)
• The use of the Internet and other electronic
  means for retailing (????? ??????? ) and
  business-to-business transactions

3
IT Impacts 

• Creating Portable Offices (????? ????? ???????? )
• Providing remote access to instant information
• Enabling Better Service (???? ???? ???? )
• Coordinating remote deliveries
• Creating Leaner, More Efficient Organizations
• Allowing more work and customer satisfaction to
  be accomplished with fewer people
• Enabling Increased Collaboration (??????? )
• Using collaboration software and other IT
  communication devices

4
IT Impacts (contd) 

• Enabling Global Exchange
• Fostering collaboration on a worldwide scale
• Improving Management Processes
• Using enterprise resource planning (ERP) (?????
  ????? ???????? ) to change the nature of the
  management process
• Providing Flexibility for Customization (???????
  ?????? )
• Creating new manufacturing capabilities that
  offer customers greater variety (mass
  customization) and faster delivery cycles

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IT Impacts (contd) 

• Providing New Business Opportunities
• Creating entirely new businesses where none
  existed before (ex ebay.com)
• Improving the World and Our Lives
• Advancing medical and diagnostic techniques
  (?????? ??????? )

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IT Building Blocks Business Resources  

• Internet
• A gigantic (large) system of interconnected
  (?????????)computers of more than 100 million
  computers in over 100 countries
• World Wide Web
• A standardized code for accessing (?????? ??? )
  information and transmitting data over the
  Internet

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IT Building Blocks Business Resources (contd) 

• Intranets
• Private internal information networks accessible
  only by employees
• Extranets
• Allow outsiders limited access to internal
  information networks

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IT Building Blocks Business Resources (contd) 

• Electronic Conferencing (????????? ??????????? )
• Allows groups of people to communicate
  simultaneously (at the same time) from various
  (different) locations via email, phone, or video
• Data conferencing (people in different locations
  work on the same document at the same time)
• Video conferencing
• VSAT Satellite Communications
• Satellite-based private network for voice, video,
  and data transmissions

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Networks System Architecture 

• Computer Network
• A group of two or more computers linked together
  by some form of cabling (fiber-optic, coaxial, or
  twisted wire) or by wireless technology to share
  data or resources such as a printer
• Client-Server Network
• Clients
• The laptop or desktop computers through which
  users make requests for information or resources
• Servers
• The computers that provide the services shared by
  users

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Types of Networks 

• Wide Area Networks (WANs)
• Computers linked over long distances
• Local Area Networks (LANs)
• Computers linked in a smaller area, such as all
  of a firms computers within a single building
• Wireless Networks
• Use airborne electronic signals to link computers
  and devices
• BlackBerry system
• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
• An access point that forms its own small network
• Wireless LAN or WLAN
• A wireless local area network
• WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
  Access)

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Hardware and Software 

• Hardware
• Physical components (???????? ??????? ) such as
  laptops, desktops, handheld computers, keyboards,
  monitors, system units, and printers
• Software
• System software Programs that tell the computer
  how to function (????? ) (what to do and how to
  do it)
• Application (productivity) software
• Groupware

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Information Systems Harnessing the Competitive
Power of IT 

• Data
• Raw facts and figures
• Information
• The meaningful, useful interpretation (??????? )
  of data
• Information System (IS)
• A system that uses IT resources and enables
  managers to turn data into information for use in
  decision making
• Information system managers operate the systems
  used for gathering, organizing, and distributing
  information (??? ?????? ?????? ????????? )

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IT Risks and Threats 

• Hackers
• Cybercriminals who gain unauthorized access
  (?????? ??? ?????? ?? ) to a computer or network,
  either to steal information, money, or property
  or to tamper with data
• Identity Theft (???? ?????? )
• Stealing of personal information to get loans,
  credit cards, or other monetary benefits by
  impersonating the victim

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IT Risks and Threats (contd) 

• Intellectual Property Theft (???? ??????? ???????
  )
• Theft of a product of the mindsomething produced
  by the intellect, with great expenditure of human
  effortthat has commercial value
• Computer Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses
• Malicious programs that, once installed, can shut
  down a computer system
• Spyware
• Software that transmits (????? )stolen personal
  information
• Spam
• Widely broadcast, unsolicited e-mail

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IT Protection Measures 

• Preventing Unauthorized Access (???? ?????? ???
  ?????? )
• Firewalls
• Security systems with special software or
  hardware devices designed to keep computers safe
  from hackers
• Preventing Viruses
• Anti-virus software