Title: RNA?????
1? ? ? ?
RNA????? (??) RNA Biosynthesis, Transcription
2?? (transcription)
- ????DNA?????RNA??? ? ????DNA????????RNA??????
??
3?????????
??? ???
??
?? ?DNA??? ????
??? ?4?NTP dNTP
NTP ???? AT
AU,TA ????5?3 ??DNA????
DDDP DDRP ???????? ??????
mRNA?
tRNA?rRNA
4???????
?? NTP (ATP, UTP, GTP, CTP) ?? DNA ?
RNA???(RNA polymerase, RNA-pol) ???????
5???
???? Templates and Enzymes
6??????
- ????strucural gene
- ????mRNA????????? ????
- ???template strand
- ????????RNA?????????????Watson??
- ???coding strand
- ???????????????????Crick??
7?? ??????????
- 5 GCATTAGCTAGCTACTAGC 3 DNA
- 3 cgtaatcgatcgatgatcg 5 ??
- ??
- 5 GCAUUAGCUAGCUACUAGC 3 mRNA
- ??
- N Ala?Leu?Ala?Ser?Try C ??
8???????
- ?????asymmetric transcription
- DNA?????????,?????,???????
- ???????????
9????
5? 3?
3? 5?
???
???
???
???
10?? RNA???
- ?????DNA?RNA???
- DNA dependent RNA polymerase
- DDRP
11?????RNA???
- ?????RNA????2???
- ???2?????????????
- ??????????
- ? ?2????
- ?????????(?????)???????
12??? (core enzyme)
?? (holoenzyme)
13RNA??????????????
14?????RNA???
?
15?????RNA???
RNA???II?????????????RNA???
16???????????
???????????????????,?????(operon),?????????????(up
stream)??????
RNA???????DNA???,?????(promoter)?
17???????????
- ????????
- ?????????
- -35bp?????5-TTGACA-
- -10bp?Pribnow? 5-TATAATPu
- ?????????(?-30?Hogness?TATA?)?
18RNA??????
? ?
19????
-35 ?
-10 ?
T T G A C A A A C T G T
T A T A A T Pu A T A T T A Py
RNA-pol???? (recognition site)
(Pribnow box)
???????????
20 ????
-GCGC---CAAT---TATA
???????????
21 ???
???? The Process of Transcription
22???????????
(?)????
- ???????????
- RNA?????????????????????
- DNA????,???????????????
23??????
1. RNA?????(?2????)?????
2. DNA????
3. ?RNA???????????????,?????????
5?-pppG -OH NTP ? 5?-pppGpN - OH 3? ppi
???????
RNApol (?2????) - DNA - pppGpN- OH 3?
24????????
- ??
- ??????
- ???????GTP?ATP
- ???????(RNA-?????-DNA-pppGpN-OH)
- ?????????, ?????????????????RNA????DNA??????
25????(transcription bubble)
RNA-pol (???) DNA RNA
26(?)????
1. ?????,RNApol????????,???????,??DNA????
2. ???????,NTP????,RNA??????
(NMP) n NTP ?? (NMP) n1 PPi
27?????
- ???????5?3???????
- (NMP)nNTP?(NMP)n1PPi
- ?GC?AU?TA?????
- ???????DNA???????
- ???RNA????????,????????,?????,??????????
28(No Transcript)
29?????
30?????
31DNA
RNA
5?
3?
RNA???
???
???????????????
32(?)?????
- ?????RNA??????????????,RNA?????????????
- ????Rho???????????Rho????????
331???Rho???????
- Rho???????RNA-DNA?????????,?????????????????????
341. ?? Rho???????
A T P
352. ??? Rho???????
DNA????????,?????????,???RNA?,RNA???????????????
362????Rho???????
37 DNA
5?TTGCAGCCTGACAAATCAGGCTGATGGCTGGTGACTTTTTAGTCACCA
GCCTTTTT... 3?
5UUGCAGCCUGACAAAUCAGGCUGAUGGCUGGUGACUUUUUAGUCACCA
GCCUUUUU... 3
5UUGCAGCCUGACAAAUCAGGCUGAUGGCUGGUGACUUUUUAGUCACCA
GCCUUUUU... 3
5UUGCAGCCUGACAAAUCAGGCUGAUGGCUGGUGACUUUUUAGUCACCA
GCCUUUUU... 3
RNA
??(stem-loop)/??(hairpin)??
38????????????
- ?RNA?????,????
- ??????????,RNA?????
39???Rho?????????
RNA????-???,?? ?????? 1.???????RNA??? ???,????????
? 2.DNA?RNA??????? ????,???????? ?,?????????? ?? ?
??????U,???? ?RNA????????? ?????
40???????????
(?)????
?????????????????????,?????,RNA-pol???????,???????
??????
411. ??????????
???
??????(cis-acting element)
????
AATAAA
???
?????
?????
?????
???
???
TATA?
OCT-1
CAAT?
GC?
OCT-1ATTTGCAT???
422. ????
?????????????????DNA????,???????,?????????(trans-a
cting factors)?
???????,???????RNA????,???????(transcriptional
factors, TF)?
43??RNA-pol????TF?
443. ???????? (pre-initiation complex, PIC)
????RNA-pol??DNA??????,????????????
45?RNA-Pol ??????PIC
TAF
TBP
?B
TATA
?A
TF?D-?A-?B-DNA???
?H
?E
?H
?E
TAF
TBP
TF?F
?B
TATA
?A
PIC????,TF?H?CTD???
464. ????(piecing theory)
?????????????3?5????????????????,?????,????????,??
RNA??????????????????????
47(?)????
???????????????????,???????,?????????????
RNA-pol???????????
???????????????????????
48???????????
???
RNA-Pol
????
RNA-Pol
RNA-Pol
49(?)????
???????????
AAAAAAA 3? mRNA
5? ------AAUAAA--
3???
5?------AAUAAA-
???
-GUGUGUG
RNA-pol
5?
3?
AATAAA GTGTGTG
5?
3?
????????
50???????????
- ????mRNA???????????,??????????
- ?????????3???,????????AATAAA,?????????GT??,??????
?????????
51??????????
- ??DNA???
- ????????,?5?3???????????????
- ?????????
- ?????DNA????
- ???????????
52????????
53???
?????????? Post-transcriptional Modification
54??????
- ?????RNA,?????????
- ?????????????,??????????????????,????????
55?????????
2. ??(cleavage)
1. ??(splicing)
3. ??(modification)
4. ??(addition)
56??????mRNA??????
(?)??????
- 5???? ????(m7GpppGp )
- 3???????????(poly A tail)
57????
58???????
5? pppGp
59????mRNA??????
605??
- ???????????pppG???5-ppG?5-pG
- ?????????????????
- ??????????
- ?????hnRNA?,???????????,???????
613?????????
- ????mRNA?poly A????????DNA????
- ??poly A??,?????????3??????????,????polyA?
- 3??????????,?????????
- Poly A??????,???mRNA?????????,????mRNA???????
623??????
63(?)mRNA???
1. hnRNA ? snRNA
- ?????mRNA?????RNA (hetero-nuclear RNA, hnRNA)
- snRNA (small nuclear RNA)
64????(splite gene)
????????,?????????????????????????,??????????,????
??????????????,???????????
??? A?B?C?D
652. ???(exon)????(intron)
- ???
- ????????????????,??????RNA??????
- ???
- ?????????????????????????
66?????????????????
???????
hnRNA
?????
hnRNA??
???mRNA
67mRNA
DNA
???????mRNA?DNA?????
68????mRNA???
- DNA???hnRNA??????,????mRNA?hnRNA?DNA??????????
- ??????????????
69????
- ?????????,?????????????????,????????,?????????????
??? - ?????????????????????
- ??????????????
- ????????????????,???????
70??????
- ???,???????rRNA??
- ???,????mRNA
- ??????????,?SnRNA????????????????????
- tRNA???
713. ??????
?????????????,????????4??
I?????????????????????? rRNA?? II???????????,??
???mRNA III?????????????,???mRNA????????
IV?tRNA???????????????,???????ATP?
724. mRNA???
??hnRNA?????,???????
?
73?
?
74- ???????????
- (twice transesterification)
pG-OH (ppG-OH, pppG-OH)
755. mRNA???(mRNA editing)
- RNA??????,??????????????,?????????,?????????(dif
ferential RNA processing)?
76??????
77tRNA??????
- ??????5??16??????????14????????
78??tRNA??????
tRNA??
79(No Transcript)
80tRNA??????????
ATP
ADP
81????
82???????
- ???
- ??
- ????????
- ????
- 3???CCA-OH
83??rRNA??????
84rRNA??????
- ??????????????????????????????
- ?????rRNA?????????
- 45s????????rRNA???,??????????????18S
rRNA,????5.8S?28S?rRNA?
85???rRNA???
86???rRNA???????????
???rRNA????????
5-??????
87??(ribozyme)
- ??RNA????????,???RNA????????,?????
- ????????????
88- ?rRNA?,tRNA?mRNA??????????????
- ???????????????
- (hammerhead structure)
- ???60??????
- ?????????????????
- ???????????????
????
89???????
- ??????????
- ?????????
- ?????????????
90- ?????,???????????
- ??????????????
- ??????????????? ?
91???????
- ???????????
- ???????????
- X ???????
- ???????
92??
93???RNA?????