OUTLINE OF MODERN

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OUTLINE OF MODERN BRITISH HISTORY
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BIRTH OF UNITED KINGDOM
The birth of came into 1707, with the of the
(which included ) and the .
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Under the , England and Scotland were united as a
single ,the .
Terms of the Treaty of Union and remained
separate, as did the and the , as well as the
separate systems of education.
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Then , became the first monarch of the United
Kingdom of .
The creation of the United Kingdom happened
simultaneous with the .
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The industrial revolution was a time of great
change due technological inventions
innovations. It began in Britain and then spread
into Europe. The industrial revolution
transformed England from an agricultural into an
industrial country. English industries passed
from a home based one which involved the whole
family to a factory based system.

The manufacture of cotton textiles was the key
activity in the industrial revolution and the
invention of power loom encouraged mechanization
and mass productions
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The crucial development of the period was the
used of steam engine invented by Thomas Newcomen
in 1712 and 4 years later Darby discovered a new
efficient way of making iron. these inventions
marked the beginning of the industrial revolution.
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canals roads and railways were built, widening
the market for manufactured goods. The
introduction of steam power required the use of
coal, so lots of workers migrated to Yorkshire,
Lancashire and South Wales which were the richest
areas in iron and coal. In the mean time the
society was transformed the social gap
increased, the work started to be developed in
industries and workers were replaced from
machines. The UK imported from Asia, Africa and
America. Although problems due to the battles
between 1760 and 1830 in the UK there was an
overall progress.
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SEVEN YEARS WAR
The was one of the leading participants in the
which lasted between 1754 and 1763. Britain
emerged from the war as the world's leading
having gained a number of new territories.
In 1776 the rebellion of the American colonies
ended with the recognition of the United States
of America.
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Against the French Revolution and the Napoleonic
empire, Britain leads a struggle and it won a
decisive battle in Waterloo. In 1800 in the UK
there was the union between the Great Britain and
Ireland Then in 1833 lots of social measures were
taken like the abolition of slavery.
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VICTORIAN AGE
The Victorian age is a term used in United
Kingdom to refer to the period of Queen
Victoria's rule between 1837 and 1901 which
signified the height of the British Industrial
Revolution and the apex of the British Empire.
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The Napoleonic war was a series of conflicts
fought between France under the leadership
Napoleon Bonaparte and a number of European
nations between 1799 and 1815. The postwar
period saw an economic slump, and poor harvests
and inflation caused popular social unrest.
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In 1837 Victoria became queen and her reign was a
period of significant social, economic and
technological change, which saw the expansion of
Britain's industrial power and of the British
empire. Exciting new technologies such as steam
ships, railroads, photography, and telegraphs
appeared.
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The Great London Exhibition of 1851 clearly
demonstrated the country's preeminence in the
world. In this period we can see a celebration
of Britains empire and leading position in
industry and culture.
The profits of this Worlds fair of
technological and industrial accomplishments were
used for the establishment of Museums.
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Victorian age is a period of positive aspects but
at the same time a period of contrasts. As
regard the positive points we can analyze a
material progress, political development, social
reforms, technological progress, sense of
optimism and an imperial expansion. While as
regard the contrasts we can see respectability
and prosperity for the middle and upper class but
degradation and poverty for working and lower
class, its a period of tradition and
conservativism but there were also social and
political reforms.
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The social reforms of this period are Abolition
of slavery in 1833, The building of hospitals,
Chartism, The Factory Act in 1822, The Mines Act
in 1842 and 1862, The Education Act in 1870 and
The Public health Act in 1875. We can see an
expansion all over the world of the British
empire to protect British interest stand to gain
new territories like Asia Africa central America
and Oceania.
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20 th CENTURY
Queen Victoria died in 1901. Her death was truly
the end of an era. And her son became king,
inaugurating the Edwardian Era. The new century
was characterized by a feeling of great
optimism. King Edward VII reigned as British
monarch from his mother Queen Victoria's death in
1901 until his own death in 1910. 
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He was succeeded by who brought Britain into the
First World War and was perhaps one of few
European monarchs to emerge from the conflict
more popular than before.
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THE FIRST WORLD WAR
The World War I, was a that lasted from 1914 to
1918 which involved most of the world's
assembled in two opposing alliances the
against the . The of was the cause of the
beginning of this war.
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Causes of the War The causes of World War I
were the spirit of intense nationalism that
permeated Europe throughout the 19th and into the
20th century, the political and economic rivalry
among the nations, and the establishment and
maintenance in Europe after 1871 of large
armaments and of two hostile military alliances.

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Britain under King George V, entered the First
World War in 1914. At the beginning the
outbreak of hostilities was greeted with great
enthusiasm by the British population. They
thought that the conflict would be fast and
bloodless but the war soon became a stalemate war
forcing both sides to dig in. Finally the war
finished with the win of the in 1918. As every
postwar countries had to face a period of
depression and lots of problems regarding
economy, such as the fall of the value of money,
increase taxation and many trade complications.
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The Battle of Britain, fought between Allied and
German pilots in British skies during the summer
of 1940. The start of the war is generally held
to be September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded
Poland two days later Britain declared war on
Germany. This period was characterized by years
of social and economic decline and milions of
victim in every country involved in this
war. Finally in 1945, the war ended with the
victory of the Allies USA, England, France and
Russia.
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THE SECOND WORLD WAR
The second world war was a global between 1939
and 1945, which involved . British people were
worried about German power because they didnt
want to be involved in another war. This war
was characterized by air battles but these
battles did not take place until August 1940.
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POST WAR
In the two decades after 1945 the British Empire
ended and the ex-colonies gained their
independence. The British people recognized that
their country was no longer a major world power
and most accepted that the future was with their
neighbors in Europe. In 1973 the country became
a member o the European Community.
In 1999 separate Parliaments were set up in
Scotland and Wales for regional administration,
although ultimate power still remained with
London.