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Why is there Turmoil in the Modern Middle East?

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Title: Why is there Turmoil in the Modern Middle East?


1
Why is there Turmoil in the Modern Middle East?
2
Jerusalem
  • Jews Abraham was prepared to sacrifice
    Isaac/Temples.
  • Christians Jesus was crucified.
  • Muslims Muhammad ascended into heaven Dome of
    the Rock.

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5
Christians v. Muslims
  • The Crusades
  • Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade in
    1095 to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims
    (Turks)
  • Jerusalem was captured in 1099 and all the
    Muslims and Jews were slaughtered.
  • YouTube - Crusades 1

6
The Crusades
  • Saladin recovers Jerusalem for the Muslims in
    1187. He spares the lives of all the Christians
    truce is declared
  • Muslims allow Christian Pilgrims to travel to the
    Holy Land.
  • Other Crusades were organized, but were never as
    large as the First Crusade.
  • Turks become Protectors of the Faith in Islam.
  • YouTube - Crusades 2

7
Jewish Discrimination
  • Removed from Jerusalem 2000 years ago by the
    Romans.
  • Faced with discrimination
  • Prohibited from certain jobs
  • Tortured and killed for their beliefs

8
Examples of Historical Discrimination
  • Black Plague
  • Expulsion from France and England
  • Exodus from Spain in 1492
  • Christ Killers Pontius Pilate frees Barabus
    not Jesus
  • Jewish people are faced with discrimination
    everywhere they go

9
Discrimination in the years leading up to World
War I (1914)
  • Russian Pogroms (Devastation)
  • Organized campaign to instill fear and cause harm
    to Jewish people.
  • French Dreyfus Affair
  • Jewish general falsely accused of sending secret
    documents to German embassy in Paris.
  • Will be straightened out eventually, however,
    this event was used as propaganda against the
    Jewish people.

10
Theodor Herzl
  • Founder of Zionism
  • Nationalism- every ethnic group deserves a home
  • Will increase in popularity as anti-sentiment
    increases in time.

11
Zionism
  • The Jewish peoples desire to obtain a homeland.
  • Balfour Declaration A letter from British
    government (James Balfour) to Walter Rothschild.

12
Foreign Office,November 2nd, 1917.Dear Lord
Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to
you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the
following declaration of sympathy with Jewish
Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to,
and approved by, the Cabinet"His Majesty's
Government view with favour the establishment in
Palestine of a national home for the Jewish
people, and will use their best endeavours to
facilitate the achievement of this object, it
being clearly understood that nothing shall be
done which may prejudice the civil and religious
rights of existing non-Jewish communities in
Palestine, or the rights and political status
enjoyed by Jews in any other country".I should
be grateful if you would bring this declaration
to the knowledge of the Zionist
Federation.Yours sincerelyArthur James Balfour

13
Nazi Holocaust
  • Hitleruses the Jewish people as a scapegoat for
    all the problems of the once great, fallen
    empire.

14
Concentration Camps
  • Three types of camps
  • Concentration
  • Labor
  • Death

15
Jewish People Killed under Nazi Rule
Original Population Killed under Nazis Surviving
Poland 3,300,000 2,800,000 15
Soviet Union 2,100,000 1,500,000 29
Hungary 404,000 200,000 49
Romania 850,000 425,000 50
Germany/ Austria 270,000 210,000 22
16
Current Events
17
Benjamin Netanyahu
vs.
Tzipi Livni
18
Netanyahu
  • Likud party- consolidation (unification)
  • Campaign national security
  • Likud party will never agree to the return of
    the pre-war 1967 borders
  • Will not negotiate with terrorists
  • Accusation against Livni of giving up Jerusalem

19
Livni
  • Kadima party forward
  • Willing to possibly make concessions to
    Palestinians.
  • Used to work for Mossad
  • 1980s- Ran missions to kill Palestinian
    Terrorists.
  • Terrorist Killer in the past possibly more
    willing to make concessions than the Lukid.

20
Quote on Livni
  • Tzipi was not an office girl She was a clever
    women with an IQ of 150. She blended in well in
    European capitals, working with male agents, most
    of them ex-commandos, taking out Arab
    terrorists.

21
Questions?
  • Why are these elections being held?
  • Ehud Olmert resigns accused of corruption
  • Under the presidency of Barack Obama, what would
    you infer is the current United States stand on
    the issue?
  • Negotiate for peace with both political parties.
  • The Kadima party is slightly more promising than
    the others
  • Why do you think it is difficult for Middle
    Eastern leaders to make peace?
  • Extremist groups dont want peace on BOTH sides
  • Yitzhak Rabin assassinated in 1995 by one of his
    own for negotiating with PLOs Yasser Arafat.

22
Cold War
  • Why is the United States hesitant to directly
    support Israel against the Arab nations?
  • USA with Israel --- Soviet Union with Arabs
  • Hypothetical situation
  • Add into the mix Nuclear Bomb
  • Cold War was a very intimidating time for the US,
    USSR, and the entire world.

23
Partitioning of Palestine
  • After World War II ends in 1948, the British and
    United nations decide to divide Palestine into
    two regions
  • UN General Assembly Resolution 181
  • Provinces
  • Jerusalem- an international city, where
  • all could travel to freely
  • Sound familiar?
  • West Bank- Arab Territory
  • Gaza Strip- Arab Territory
  • Golan Heights- Arab Territory

24
Israeli Conflicts
  • War of 1948- Israel Created one day later
    attacked by six nations
  • Egypt
  • Jordan
  • Lebanon
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Syria
  • Iraq

25
Israel defeats Six Nations
  • HOW???
  • Arab nations have trouble coordinating with one
    another. Dont listen to one another
  • Israel supported financially (if not militarily)
    by many nations/ Golda Meir
  • Infrastructure of Israel already exists
  • Backed into a corner fighting for survival

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Israeli Conflicts
  • 1956- Suez Crisis
  • "Hospitality is one thing, surrendering the
    canal is another
  • Gamal Abdel Nasser
  • Originally controlled by British
  • Taken over by Egypt
  • In response, British will ask Israel to reclaim
    the canal.
  • Israel easily invades and will seize control

28
  • Golan Heights- Syria
  • Strategic for military purpose
  • Control of water ways
  • (Jordan River)

29
War of 1948
30
Nasser continued
  • We are eager for battle in order to force the
    enemy to awake from his dreams and meet Arab
    reality face to face. -- 1967

31
Six Day War (1967)
  • Fear of an imminent attack from bordering Arab
    nations force Israel to attack first.
  • Extremely successful
  • In a little less than six days, Israel defeats
    Arab Nations only losing 800 troops in
    opposition too the Arabs 15,000 (approximately
    116 ratio)

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33
IDF soldiers Zion Karasanti, Yitzhak Yifat and
Haim Oshrí, at Jerusalem's Western Wall shortly
after its capture on June 7, 1967 and 40 years
later.
34
How and why would the Arab World attempt to
strike at the US for its support of Israel?
  1. Terrorism Islamic Fundamentalism
  2. Economics OPEC Oil Embargo

35
Recap of the Arab-Israeli Wars
  • Who seems to have the upper hand in the conflict?
  • What are the main issues that the Israelis and
    Arabs are fighting over?
  • Is there a simple solution to the problem at hand?

36
Islamic Fundamentalism
  • 1967 - Six Day War had shown many Muslims that
    God had turned away from them Decisive victory
    for the Jews It was a humiliating defeat for
    Muslims.
  • Islamic Fundamentalism the only way back to God
    was to return to pure religion.
  • Islam at its founding the time of Mohammed
  • Strict interpretation of the Koran Sharia Law
  • Jihad wage war against those that insult Islam.
  • Near Enemy impure Muslim society secular
  • Distant Enemy the West secular pro Israel

37
Sayyid Qutb
  • Arrested under Nasser administration. Why?
  • Very intelligent
  • Studied in Greeley, Colorado _at_ Colorado State
    Teachers College

38
Qutb continued
  • Developed hatred towards American way of life
  • In charge of newspaper that went against Nassers
    western peace policies.
  • Will be hanged under Nasser administration
  • Ran a newspaper
  • Accused of trying to plan a revolt against Nasser

39
Left- Anwar Sadat B. Left- Younger Golda
Meir Down- Golda Meir
40
Surprise Attack in 1973
  • On Yom Kippur, Anwar Sadat (Nassers successor)
    sends army out to catch Israelis off guard.
  • Success at first, but land will be reclaimed by
    Israel, under prime minister Golda Meir.
  • Truce is agreed too for the time being.
  • Known as the Yom Kippur War.

41
Cold War
  • Why is the United States hesitant to directly
    support Israel against the Arab nations?
  • USA with Israel --- Soviet Union with Arabs
  • Hypothetical situation
  • Add into the mix Nuclear Bomb
  • Cold War was a very intimidating time for the US,
    USSR, and the entire world.

42
OPEC
  • Formed in Baghdad 1960
  • Stationed in Vienna, Austria
  • Goal To regulate oil prices
  • Original members
  • Iran
  • Iraq
  • Kuwait
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Venezuela

43
US Interferes in Yom Kippur War
  • Help to re-supply the Israelis after the Arabs
    surprise attack them via airlift.
  • Tensions increasing between US and Arab nations.
  • US has supported Israel since 1948

44
Oil Embargo of 1973-74
  • American demand for resources
  • American cheap prices
  • What would be the best way to get back at the
    United States for being sympathetic for Israel?

45
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46
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OAPEC)
  • Punishment to America for helping Israel during
    Yom Kippur conflict
  • Stop shipping oil to the US
  • You should pay more for oil. Lets say ten
    times more. 1973 Shah of Iran
  • increasing prices by 70 to America's Western
    European allies.
  • Overnight, the price of a barrel of oil to these
    nations rose from 3 to 5.11. In January 1974,
    they raised it further to 11.65.

47
What does the United States do?
  • 1 Million to 400 Million
  • Alternative energy resources
  • Solar Power
  • Wind Power
  • Arctic Drilling?

48
Case Study General Motors (GM)
  • 1970s- Number 1 Car Maker in the World
  • Had begun research on alternative fuels
  • Electric cars using Fuel Cells
  • How does this work?
  • Similar to a battery except runs on a never
    ending cycle.

49
If GM began this research, and were the leading
researcher, then why are we not driving them
today?
  • Profit General Motors could make more money
    selling gas guzzling SUVs
  • Who leads in Fuel Cell research today?
  • Is it too late for General Motors to make the
    shift over?

50
Prudhoe bay- Population in 2000 5
  • 1977- 20 of US oil consumption comes from
    Alaska.
  • Risks involved?
  • Is this the right solution? What are some other
    alternatives?

51
Review
  • 1.) What event caused the Arab world to direct
    there attention towards the United States?
  • Yom Kippur War
  • 2.) What are the two ways they try to strike
    back at America?
  • OPEC (economics)
  • Terrorism (guerilla)

52
Outline
  • Two attempts for peace
  • Camp David Accords
  • Oslo Agreements
  • The Two State Solution- is it a good idea?

53
Camp David Peace Accords
  • US President Jimmy Carter hosts a negotiation
    conference between Egypt and Israel.
  • After 13 days, Egypt recognized Israel as a
    nation.
  • Israel returned Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.
  • 30 years of hostilities end?
  • Anwar Sadat receives Nobel Peace Prize

54
1977 Times Magazine Man of the Year
  • "We used to reject you, true. We refused to meet
    you anywhere, true. We referred to you as the
    'so-called Israel,' true. At international
    conferences our representatives refused to
    exchange greetings with you, true. At the 1973
    Geneva Peace Conference our delegates did not
    exchange a single direct word with you, true. Yet
    today we agree to live with you in permanent
    peace and justice. Israel has become an
    accomplished fact recognized by the whole world
    and the superpowers. We welcome you to live among
    us in peace and security." --Anwar Sadat

55
Reaction to Camp David Accords
  • Sadat will be assassinated by Muslim Extremists
  • Acts of terrorism increase in Israel as a result
  • Intifada- uprising of the Palestinians

56
Oslo Peace Accords
  • Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin agrees to
    grant Palestinians self-rule in Gaza Strip and
    West Bank (Two State Solution)
  • Will result in the assassination of Rabin by an
    Israeli extremist
  • Second Intifada- Suicide Bombers
  • Rabin is assassinated by Jewish extremists

57
Failure to find peace
  • The more attempts that are made for peace, the
    angrier Islamic fundamentalists get.
  • Around 2000, the Second Intifada begins
  • Suicide Bombings
  • Qassem Rockets

58
Two State Solution?
  • http//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/01/23/60minute
    s/main4749723.shtml

59
Peace Negotiations Ultimately Fail
Other problems in the ME
60
Iran
  • Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi- Westernized
  • Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini- Fundamentalist

61
Iranian Revolution (1979)
  • 1953- Overthrow the Democratically elected
    government of Mohammad Mosaddeq
  • USA restores Shah to power
  • Shah Pahlavi embraces Western governments oil
    companies
  • Cultural Clash Modern West vs. Traditional Islam
  • Ayatollah Khomeini Iranian conservative Muslim
    leader - lives in exile for speaking against
    Pahlavi.
  • 1978 - Khomeini sparks riots in Iran Shah flees
  • Theocratic government established Sharia Law
  • Anti-Western Anti-American
  • 1979 Shah seeks treatment in the United
    States Iran demands his return
  • Muslim radicals take control in Iran - increasing
    tensions with Iraq (secular)

62
Perspectives
  • United States
  • Occurs before Yom Kippur War and Oil Embargo
  • Need Oil to keep up living standards for typical
    Americans
  • Consider Iranian actions to be communist
  • WWI/WWII success riding the wave
  • Iran
  • US has no right to interfere in Iranian politics
  • American government is greedy
  • Actions are not acceptable, revenge is necessary.
  • US The Great Satan
  • Want the Shah to undergo trial
  • How do they do this?

63
American Hostage Crisis
  • Khomeini takes control of Iran
  • Encourages extremists to seize US Embassy in
    Tehran
  • 66 American hostages
  • 444 days
  • Demand that the US make Shah Pahlavi face trial
  • Will release everyone by 1981

64
What was life like for these 444 days?
  • But the student radicals knew little of the
    world and its ways, let alone the difference
    between a diplomat and a spy. They saw an
    operative with James Bond-like powers in every
    corner. One interrogator questioned State
    Department security officer Alan Golacinski about
    his digital watch, convinced that it was a secret
    radio.
  • Some hostages were badly beaten. Others faced
    terrifying mock executions. A few were thrown in
    solitary confinement. Bowden skillfully gets
    inside the minds of the hostages, vividly
    describing their churning emotions and harrowing
    experiences.
  • -- Guests of the Ayatollah

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67
Iran vs. Iraq Who does the US favor?
  • Iran
  • Had just undergone a revolution
  • Khomeini does not like the United States
  • Iraq Saddam Hussein
  • 5th President of Iraq Dictatorship
  • Ran a secular government
  • Followed Nasser as a model
  • Thought of himself as one who would bring
    modernization to Iraq

68
Conflict with Iran
  • 1980- Iraq invades Iran
  • Border Disputes
  • WWI?
  • Trenches, Poison Gas, over 1,000,000 die
  • Nothing is settled, UN negotiated ceasefire in
    1988

69
Interference From who else?
  • US will tend to take Iraqs side in the war.
  • Interesting side note
  • 1983 Ronald Reagan/Donald Rumsfeld
  • January 2001-December 18, 2006.
  • US Secretary of Defense

70
1990- Iraq invades Kuwait
  • Out of fear of a Saudi invasion, they invade
    first and take control of oil fields in Kuwait
  • UN economic sanctions fail
  • By early 1991, 39 nations declared war on Saddam
    Hussein and Iraq
  • Who are most of these nations?
  • Iraq leaves Kuwait and agrees to a cease fire

71
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72
Persian Gulf War akaOperation Desert Storm
  • Scorched Earth Policy
  • Burning of Oil
  • Effects? Then? Now?
  • Effects of Kuwait War 305-630

73
United States on Arabian Penninsula
  • Following the Gulf War, the US Coalition remains.
  • Infuriates fundamentalists
  • Believe that they would contaminate the holy
    sights
  • Infidel army angers those such as Osama Bin Laden

74
How about Afghanistan?
  • 1950s? Soviet influence increasing
  • 1979? Soviets invade
  • 1980s?Mujahedeenholy warriors stage a revolt
  • Looming Tower

75
War in Afghanistan (1979-89)
  • 1979 - Soviets invade Afghanistan
  • Muslims come to defend Afghanistan Holy War-
    Soviet Infidels
  • Muslim Rebels (Mujahedeen) fight guerilla war
    against Soviets with U.S. weapons
  • 1989 - Soviets withdraw Holy Warriors defeat a
    Superpower Taliban rises Base for Al Qaeda

76
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77
The Looming Tower Hijira
  • 1.) The title of the chapter is Hijira. Who is
    Osama Bin Laden comparing himself to? How does
    he try to make that connection?
  • Comparing himself to Muhammad, the prophet of
    Islam
  • Osama Saudi Arabia to Afghanistan
  • Muhammad Mecca to Medina
  • Angry Muslim child. Why? A
  • Danish publication of Muhammad

78
  • 2.) What was Afghanistan like when Bin Laden
    arrived?
  • Suffering from 20 years of war
  • Highwaymen Depiction of chaos
  • Insufficient funds would take a child
  • Government had been turning towards modernity

79
  • 4.) Who are the Taliban? Who made the Taliban
    into a formidable army?
  • Were unorganized, but powerful
  • Were able to take over from President Rabbani
  • Supported by Pakistani intelligence
  • 5.) Define Wahhabism. Where is it popular?
  • Ideology A return to fundamental practices of
    first three generations of Islamic history.
  • Saudi Arabia

80
  • 6.) What other country supported the Taliban and
    what was the connection?
  • Pakistan
  • Had set up schools that had helped many Taliban
    students

81
Mullah Omar
  • Well known for having been a fierce fighter in
    war against the Soviet Union.
  • What do we know about him?
  • Not much
  • Refused to be photographed
  • Tall about 66
  • Wounded while battling Soviets from shrapnel

82
7.) Who was Mullah Mohammed Omar? What was his
vision? How did he succeed in achieving his goal?
  • Ruled Taliban in Afghanistan declared himself
    The Ruler of All Muslims.
  • Vision To put an end to chaos brought about by
    the War with USSR
  • Supported by many people
  • Ancient robe/parades around with hands in the
    sleeves/cholera epidemic/rapture
  • People want one ruler and stability
  • Corruption and moral disintegration had gripped
    the land.

83
Quick Question
  • Mullah Omar and the Taliban would be considered
    Islamic Fundamentalists who takes his beliefs to
    the extreme. Is there a such thing as a
    Christian Fundamentalist?
  • Evangel Pentecostal Christians
  • North Dakota Summer Camp
  • Documentary called Jesus Camp
  • Jesus Camp
  • Sharia in America?

84
8.) What do the madrassas teach the refugee boys
that attend them? Why do they live in the
shadows of their fathers?
  • The fundamentals of Wahhabism
  • Portrayed as sissies and beggers
  • Studied the Koran/Sharia
  • Glorification of the Jihad
  • War against infidels
  • Success of fathers
  • Had taken down a superpower
  • Mujahideen eager to get their own glory

85
Taliban fueled by 3 streams
  • 1.) Money and arms from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
  • 2.) Afghan refugee students from Pakistan
  • Exclusively male world
  • Studied Koran/Perfection of a Muslim World
  • 3.) Opium- Under Taliban, Afghanistan became the
    number one Opium exporter in the world

86
9.) Why was Opium significant to the Taliban?
  • Served as the main source of income for Taliban.
  • Number 1 poppy exporter in the world
  • Worked alongside drug dealers and smugglers

87
  • 10.) What is the Islamists dream, and how does
    Omar tap into this?
  • To find stability and unification under one
    ruler.
  • Omar tried to be this man
  • Wearing of the cloak
  • 11.) What happened to women under the Taliban?
    What effect did this have overall?
  • Stay in residences
  • Loss of self-expression
  • Health Care/Civil Service destroyed
  • 40 doctors
  • 50 govt workers
  • 70 teachers

88
12.) What were some of the things banned by the
Taliban?
  • Kite flying
  • Dog racing
  • Trained pigeons
  • Unclean Things
  • Pork, pig, pig oil, anything made of human hair
  • Cinema, Satellite dishes
  • Cameras
  • Pool Tables
  • Chess
  • Masks
  • Alcohol
  • Tapes
  • Computers
  • VCR
  • Television
  • Sexual propaganda

Why?
  • Wine
  • Lobster
  • Nail Polish
  • Firecrackers
  • Statues
  • Sewing catalogues
  • Pictures
  • Christmas cards

89
Plato Allegory of the Cave
  • People accept the reality of which they are given.

90
13.) Throw reason to the dogs, it stinks of
corruption. - Taliban
  • This sign was posted on the office of the
    religious police.
  • People embrace it desperate and exhausted from
    twenty years of war.
  • How is this similar to the enlightenment?
  • Enlightenment served as a means of exposing
    corruption the Taliban, by American standards,
    an anti-enlightenment
  • 14.) Why do most Afghanis embrace the Taliban
    rule at first?
  • Desperate
  • Didnt think that things could get any worse

91
15.) What is symbolic of the cave in Islam? How
does bin laden use it?
  • Seen as an escape from Western world
  • Stalactites- drips that hang from caves, often
    used in Islamic art.
  • Muhammad in cave in Medina had encounter with
    Gabrielle.
  • Enemies pursue, protected by magic spider web
  • Tora Bora Modern cave with enhanced defense
    (computers and ammunition).

92
16.) How does bin Laden see himself as
personifying the Umma?
  • Umma- Muslim Community
  • Attack on one is an attack on all
  • Bin laden, seeing himself as the prophet, sees
    himself as the ideal leader of the Umma
  • Wants to start a war of terror against the United
    States
  • 17.) When bin Laden declares war on the US, what
    grievances does he mention?
  • 1.) Declaration of War Against the Americans
    Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places.
  • Medina and Mecca after first Gulf War
  • 2.) US interest in middle-eastern oil.

93
18.) Who is Khaled Sheikh Mohammed? Who is his
nephew? Why do you think Mohammed sought out Bin
Laden?
  • Man who visits Osama bin Laden at Tora Bora cave.
  • Nephew Ramzi Yousef
  • Mohammed wanted to discuss plans with bin Laden
    about how they could try to terrorize the United
    States.

94
19.) What are some schemes Mohammed and bin Laden
discuss?
  • Plan to bomb 12 American jumbo jets (called
    Operation Bojinka)
  • Actually happened, was a success
  • An assassination of Bill Clinton in 1994
  • Had route sketched out while visiting Manila in
    1994
  • An assassination of Pope John Paul II
  • Planned to get priest cassocks.
  • These plans were encrypted on Yousefs hard
    drive, which was captured
  • Flying airplanes into buildings
  • Bin laden claims not to know Mohammed personally

95
1993 World Trade Center Bombing
  • Planned by a group including Ramzi Yousef Khaled
    Sheik Mohammeds uncle.
  • Plan
  • Car bomb in parking deck supposed to knock North
    tower into South tower, bringing them down.
  • Kills 6, injure about a thousand, but ultimate
    goal is a failure.
  • Intentions
  • Before the attack, Yousef sent a demand to NY
    newspapers to
  • A.) US stops sending aid to Israel
  • B.) Stop having diplomatic relations with Israel
  • C.) US stops interference with all Middle Eastern
    countries

96
  • How did many of the things discussed in this
    chapter come together in a perfect storm,
    culminating with the September 11th attacks?

97
September 11, 2001
  • Rationale Injustices against Muslim people by
    Israel and the United States.
  • if killing those who kill our sons is
    terrorism, then let history be witness that we
    are terrorists.Osama Bin Laden

98
US Invades Afghanistan (2001)
  • Operation Enduring Freedom
  • Capture Bin Laden
  • Destroy Al-Qaeda
  • Remove Taliban regime who allowed a safe-haven
    for Al-Qaeda
  • International Security Assistance Force
  • Created by the United Nations
  • Coalition of over 30 nations

99
US invades Iraq (2003)
  • Reasons for Invading
  • Weapons of mass destruction
  • Supporting Al-Qaeda
  • Abuse of Human Rights and financial assistance to
    Palestinian suicide bombers.
  • Saddam Hussein Executed at Camp Justice in
    Baghdad
  • Sunni vs. Shiite?

100
What is the best way to find peace?
  • Land for Peace US Perspective
  • Israel Give back land to Palestinians that they
    acquired in Six Day War.
  • Israel Leave Arab areas and allow them
    self-rule
  • Palestinians Peace and recognition of Israel

101
Extra Credit Opportunity (2)
  • 3-5 minute presentation on
  • Terrorist attacks of
  • 1998 US Embassies in Africa (Tanzania and Kenya)
  • 2000 USS Cole
  • 5 Ws Who, What, When, Where, Why
  • Significance
  • Relation to any current events?
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