NUTS AND BOLTS to get started

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NUTS AND BOLTS to get started
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Planes of orientation
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Confusing terms (Particularly where the CNS makes
its 90 degree bend)

• Anterior-Posterior/Rostral-Caudal
• Dorsal-ventral/ Superior-inferior

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Dorsal fins
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The basic unit of the nervous system
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Myelin gives a whitish appearance because its
adipose content
Shwann cells myelinate the PNS
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Oligodendrocytes myelinate the CNS
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White matter and gray matter reflect organization
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Staining for myelin in the brain coronal section
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Myelin Staining in the Spinal cord
Dorsal
Horizontal plane
ventral
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Organizational schemes always have
shortcomingsThe PNS can not be truly separated
from the CNS
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To consider the PNS we first must consider
the spinal cordThe vertebral column
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Each vertebra houses a spinal cord segment
Midsaggital view
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Each segment is similar Central gray and
surrounding white matter
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Central grayDorsal sensoryVentral motor
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Each segment gives rise to nerve pairs i.e. The
PNS
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31 peripheral nerve pairs
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Each nerve pair contains thousands of incoming
and outgoing axons
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The PNSAll neural tissue outside of the cranium
and vertebral column ( with one exception)
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Major divisions of the PNS
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motor output to skeletal muscles
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And somatosensory input
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The somatic division of the PNS gives rise to
segmental organiztion Dermatomes and myotomes
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The autonomic division
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The other subdivision of the PNS-the ANS
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The sympathetic chain
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Sympathetic activation may be magnified by
adrenal gland
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Some functional differences between the somatic
branch and the ANS
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THE CNS
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Exception- The cranial nerves