Diabetes Mellitus

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• Diabetes Mellitus
• Commonly known phenomenon of production of
  sugary urine
• Diabetes means to run through
• Mellitus means sweet or with a taste of honey
• Characterized by
• High blood sugar
• a tendency to develop acute/chronic complications

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Diagnosis of Diabetes

• Fasting blood sugar gt125 mg/dl,
• Random blood sugar gt199 mg/dl,
• Glucose tolerance test (GTT).

Urine sugar is not for DIAGNOSIS
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Type I
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T2DM A Serious Disease

• Leading cause of blindness, 25 times more prone
  to retinopathy,
• 6 times higher risk for stroke,
• 6 times higher risk for heart attack,
• 20 times more prone to lower limb amputation,
• 5 times more prone to renal disease.

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Top 10 List Worldwide Epidemic of
Diabetes (Millions of Adults)
King H, Diabetes Care, 1998.
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Why to diagnose early?

• Diabetes is a progressive disease, it worsens
  with time,
• Early treatment is rewarding,
• Once complications set in, they are not
  reversible.

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Step care approach of type 2 DM
Insulin oral agents
Oral combination
Oral monotherapy
Diet exercise
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MANAGING DIABETES 4 Cardinal Rules for the
Patient

• 1. Follow a healthy meal plan 2. Regular
  exercise

3. Take your medication 4. Test your blood
glucose regularly
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The ABC of Diabetes Management

• Effective management of diabetes requires
• A Control of A1c
• B Control of Blood pressure
• C Control of Cholesterol

Education and Life-style changes like Healthy
eating, regular exercise, drinking In moderation
and stopping smoking.