Adaptations and Classifications: Is There a Connection?

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Adaptations and Classifications Is There a
Connection?
A powerpoint presentation to follow natural
selection
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Adaptation any trait that aids the chances of
survival and reproduction of organism

• variation and adaptation not the same
• variations are raw materials upon which natural
  selection acts
• adaptations are products of natural selection
  aid survival and over time, all members of
  population inherit

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Adaptations are produced slowly small changes
or modifications over time slight variations in
traits of previous generation that helped
organism survive
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• TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS
• STRUCTURAL deal with anatomy- usually aid in
  feeding
• ex. Shape of beak or tooth

• PHYSIOLOGICAL/ BEHAVIORAL deal with functions
  in organisms
• physiological adaptation with chemical basis
  associated with orgs function
• ex. Spiders web, clotting of blood
• behavioral result from response of org. to
  external environment
• ex. Migration, plants grow toward light

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for the next few slides, determine what
adaptations are present.
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Anybody know why the pufferfish puffs up?
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Knowing what we know about adaptations, does
this separate animals into distinct groups?
YES!
SPECIES group of organisms that can interbreed
and produce fertile offspring in nature
B/C mating between different species is rare,
genes seldom pass from one gene pool to another.
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Now, for the second part...
How does this relate to classification?
What do I mean, "classification?"
Feel like we're playing 20 questions?
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Why classify things?
Biologists classify organisms in categories
taxa (taxon)
Purpose to bring order to things help
identify unknown orgs
Also aids in naming organisms- common names vary
from country to country scientific names dont
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HISTORY Aristotle- 2 groups of organisms
plants, animals Plants were classified according
to size and structure Animals were classified
according to where they lived
Carolus Linnaeus (18th century) system based
on one characteristic structural features
two orgs with same features- same species
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE each organism is given a
two-word Latin name 1st word noun genus to
which organism belongs 2nd word adj specific
name Put together species
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ex. Cats belong to genus Felis wildcat is
Felis sylvestris while a house cat is Felis
catus. Notice first letter of genus is
capitalized but species is not. Always underline
or italicize scientific names.
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DETERMINING RELATIONSHIPS Fossils used,
homologous structures used
Biochemistry and development studied embryos
Molecular basis DNA!!!!!!!!!!!! MOST ACCURATE
TO DETERMINING RELATIONSHIPS!!!
Compare N bases in DNA-- s and types In
other words, by studying base sequences, can
determine how closely related organisms are
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Phylogeny evolutionary history of organism
based on fossil evidence, biochemistry, etc.
Dont panic, thats as far down that path that
were going to go
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System of Classification A Pyramid of
Information
Seven taxa form a series KINGDOM
(BROADEST) PHYLUM CLASS ORDER
FAMILY GENUS SPECIES EACH OF
THESE CAN ACTUALLY BE SUBDIVIDED (i.e.
subspecies are breeds or varieties)
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KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
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EXAMPLE Taxon house cat dog human Kingdom An
imalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata
Chordata Class Vertebrata Vertebrata Vertebrata
Order Carnivora Carnivora Primates Family Felida
e Canidae Hominidae Genus Felis Canis Homo Sp
ecies Felus catus Canis familiaris Homo sapiens
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Most biologists use 5 Kingdom approach 1.
Animals 2. Plants 3. Monerans 4.
Protists 5. Fungi
Reasons for more than just Plants vs.
Animals Many microorganisms and others have
characteristics of both Ex. Where would
mushrooms fit? Dont move like plants but arent
autotrophic (photosynthesis) Helps to identify
if eukaryotic or prokaryotic
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prokaryotic
Monerans
All organisms
usually unicellular
Protists
eukaryotic
autotrophic
Plants
multicellular
Absorbs food
Fungi
heterotrophic
Ingests food
Animals