Resurrection

1
Resurrection

• The Evidence

2
What do we know from the Bible?

• Details of the death and resurrection of Jesus
  are described in the following Gospel passages
• Mark 1533 to 168 (Verses 169 to 1620 are a
  later forgery inserted by an unknown author long
  after the original book was written)
• Matthew 2752 to 2820
• Luke 2344 to 2412
• John 1929 to 2018

3

• Some liberal theologians have concluded that the
  birth, childhood and resurrection stories were
  pieced together by the authors of the gospels out
  of developing legends that were circulating among
  various Christian groups at the time.
• Conservative theologians believe in the inerrancy
  of the Bible and that God inspired its authors.
  Thus they believe that the apparently conflicting
  gospel stories can be harmonized into a single
  coherent picture.

4
So what do we get when we combine the stories?

• Simon from Cyrene was pressed into service to
  carry the cross from Jerusalem to Golgotha, the
  place of crucifixion.
• There, Jesus was offered a drink of wine mixed
  with a bitter substance. He refused.
• He was nailed to the cross through his palms and
  feet.
• Two robbers were crucified with him one on
  either side.
• People passing by hurled insults.

5

• From the 6th to the 9th hour, it became dark.
• Jesus cried out.
• He was offered vinegar to drink. He cried out
  again and died.
• The gospels record different final messages.
• The veil in the temple was torn from top to
  bottom by an unknown force.
• Joseph of Arimathea obtained permission to take
  Jesus' body to his private tomb.

6

• He wrapped the body in a clean linen cloth,
  placed it in the tomb and sealed the entrance.
• On Sunday morning, an unknown number of women
  came to the tomb. The stone had been rolled away.
  They found that Jesus' body was missing.

7
But not all of the gospels totally agree with
this story. Disagreements abound

• Who carried the cross to the place of execution?
• Mark Simon
• Matthew Simon
• Luke Simon
• John Jesus

8
What was the sign over Jesus' head on the cross?

• Mark "THE KING OF THE JEWS"
• Matthew "THIS IS JESUS, THE KING OF THE JEWS"
• Luke "THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS"
• John "JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS"
  in Aramaic, Latin and Greek

9
What did the robbers say to Jesus?

• Mark they both hurled insults
• Matthew Same as Mark
• Luke One hurled insults the other said that
  Jesus' execution was unjust because he was not
  guilty of any crime
• John Nothing was recorded

10
What were Jesus' last words?

• Mark Jesus "cried out", but the words (if any)
  were not recorded
• Matthew Same as Mark
• Luke "Father, into your hands I commit my
  spirit."
• John "It is finished."

11
Who went to the tomb with spices to prepare
Jesus' body?

• Mark 3 women on Sunday morning just after
  sunrise
• Matthew No record
• Luke 4 or more women on Sunday morning very
  early in the morning, presumably while dark
• John Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus on Friday
  before sundown

12
Who visited the tomb on Sunday with Mary
Magdalene?

• Mark Two women Salome and Mary the mother of
  James
• Matthew One woman "the other Mary"
• Luke Three or more women Mary the mother of
  James, Joanna and at least one other woman
• John None she went alone

13
When did she/they visit the tomb on Sunday?

• Mark just after sunrise
• Matthew at dawn
• Luke very early in the morning, presumably while
  it was still dark
• John while it was still dark

14
What happened to the rock that sealed the tomb?

• Mark The stone had already been rolled back
  before they arrived
• Matthew An earthquake happened an angel
  appeared and rolled it away as the women
  approached the tomb.
• Luke Same as Mark
• John Same as Mark

15
Who did she/they find at the tomb?

• Mark A young man dressed in a white robe was
  inside the tomb
• Matthew An angel sitting on the rock outside the
  tomb
• Luke Two men were inside the tomb, dressed in
  clothes that looked like lightning
• John Nobody

16
Where was Jesus at the time?

• Mark not at the tomb he was on his way to
  Galilee
• Matthew same as Mark
• Luke unknown
• John unknown

17
Did she/they enter the tomb?

• Mark Yes
• Matthew Yes. They were invited by the angel to
  "come see the place where he lay"
• Luke Yes
• John No

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How did she/they react to the news?

• Mark They fled, trembling and bewildered
• Matthew They fled, fearful and joyous
• Luke They left
• John She ran to Simon Peter and the disciple
  that Jesus loved

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Who did she/they see on the way to the disciples?

• Mark Nobody
• Matthew They met Jesus, who they immediately
  recognized
• Luke Nobody
• John Nobody

20
How did the disciples react to the news?

• Mark They didn't the woman told nobody of the
  news because they were afraid.
• Matthew They believed the women.
• Luke The disciples, and "all the others" didn't
  believe the women. Peter ran to the tomb anyway.
• John They believed Mary.

21
Did the women/woman return to the tomb?

• Mark No record
• Matthew No record
• Luke No record
• John Yes. Mary saw two angels and Jesus there
  but she thought that Jesus was the gardener

22
To whom did Jesus first appear?

• Mark to all the disciples somewhere in Galilee
• Matthew to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary as
  they left the tomb to tell the brethren
• Luke to Cleopas and an unidentified person on a
  road between Jerusalem and Emmaus
• John to all the disciples in a house in
  Jerusalem
• Paul to Peter (I Corinthians 155)

23
Who observed Jesus' resurrection, according to
the Bible?

• Actually, nobody actually viewed the resurrection
  process as it happened. The Gospels report that
  Jesus' body was missing from the cave where he
  was buried.
• A missing body would have been consistent with
  the corpse being stolen, or with Jesus not having
  died on the cross but having recovered in the
  tomb. But the Bible talks about Jesus'
  resurrection, and records that witnesses either
  learned that Jesus had risen, or observed Jesus
  alive after his resurrection.

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The woman/women who visited the tomb on Sunday
morning

• Mark 16 A man told three women Mary Magdalene,
  Salome and Mary the mother of James that Jesus
  had risen.
• Matthew 28 An angel told two women Mary
  Magdalene and "the other Mary," that Jesus had
  risen. Later, they met Jesus near the tomb.
• Luke 24 Four or more women Mary the mother of
  James, Joanna and at least one other women went
  to the tomb and found it empty. Two men told them
  that Jesus had risen.
• John 20 Mary Magdalene, alone went to the tomb
  and was told by two angels that Jesus had risen.
  Later, she met Jesus, originally mistaking him
  for the gardener.

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Luke 2413-24

• Jesus appeared to two of Jesus' followers on the
  road to Emmaus.

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Luke 2436-43

• Eleven apostles and the two from the road to
  Emmaus saw Jesus in Jerusalem. It was reported
  that Jesus had previously appeared to Peter,
  presumably alone.

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John 2019

• Jesus appeared to 10 of the apostles -- all
  except Thomas -- in Jerusalem.

28
John 2026

• Jesus appeared to all of the apostles, in
  Jerusalem. (See also Mark 1614).

29
John 21

• Jesus appeared at the Sea of Galilee while the
  disciples were fishing.

30
1 Corinthians 156

• First to Peter, then to the twelve apostles, more
  than 500 followers, James and then to all of the
  apostles. The location(s) are not mentioned.
  Finally, Jesus' voice was heard by Paul on the
  road to Damascus.

31
Mark 1619

• The disciples watched while Jesus rose into the
  sky at Mount Olive.

32
Acts 93

• The disembodied voice of Jesus appeared to Paul.
  See also 1 Corinthians 158.

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