Course Outline

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????????(6)
2006?5?24?
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Course Outline

1. Introduction
2. Upstream Operations (??????)
3. Exploration (??)
4. Reservoir Characterization (????)
5. Reservoir Management (??????)
6. CO2 Sequestration (CO2????)

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Climate Change Global
1900???,0.6???
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Climate Change Northern Hemisphere
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Level of Scientific Understanding ?????????????
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??????CO2?????
2100???? ???374 ppm??5001000 ppm???, 24.5 ? ???
????????, ?????,???????????, ?????????????? ?????
??????????, CO2????
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CO2 Capture Project
Separation Methods Chemical Absorption
Membrane Filtering
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CO2 Storage Options
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Capacity and Costs at Oil/Gas Fields
155 provinces ??15/bbl ??? ?????????????????????
??
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Capacity at Oil/Gas Fields
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CO2 Processing Storage Technology
Characterization Well drilling Facility
designing Well field monitoring
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Petroleum Technology Relevant to CO2
Sequestration
CO2 ?? CO2????,????, ????,??????????,
???,?????,4D?? ?????? ?????????, ?????????
??CO2 ?? CO2????????, ??????,??????
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CO2 Phase Diagram
Critical Point ??? Tc 31 C pc 73.8 bar
(1,070.4 psi) For CO2 sequestration at
super-critical conditions, storage depths need to
be 600 m or deeper.
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CO2 Capture StorageSleipner Gas Field, North
Sea
9 CO2 in natural gas is separated, and injected
into the shallower formation of capacity 600
billion tons.
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Time-Lapse Seismic for MonitoringCO2 Migration
and Dissolution
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Pushdown Effects due to CO2
Wave velocity is reduced through CO2 storage
interval. CO2 is distributed as thin layers of
high concentration and dispersed CO2. Velocity
pushdown due to thin layers only cannot model the
observed pushdown.
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CO2 FloodingWeyburn Field, Canada
Aquifer permeable Aquitard semi-permeable
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Weyburn Field Production
22 million tons CO2 will be stored in Weyburn
field over the project life.
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Simulation Results at 25 years Injection
(a) Gas Saturation
(b) CO2 mole fraction in aqueous phase
(c) Aqueous phase density (kg/m3)
(d) pH
(e) Dissolved Calcite (mol/m3)
(f) Calcite precipitation (mol/m3)
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Simulation Results after 200 years
(a) Gas Saturation
(b) CO2 mole fraction in aqueous phase
(c) Aqueous phase density (kg/m3)
(d) pH
(e) Dissolved Calcite (mol/m3)
(f) Calcite precipitation (mol/m3)
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Simulation Results after 500 years
(a) Gas Saturation
(b) CO2 mole fraction in aqueous phase
(c) Aqueous phase density (kg/m3)
(d) pH
(e) Dissolved Calcite (mol/m3)
(f) Calcite precipitation (mol/m3)
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Gas Saturation Aqueous CO2 Mole Fraction
(a) Gas saturation at 25 yrs
(b) After 200 years
(c) After 500 years
(b) After 200 years
(c) After 500 years
(a) Aqueous CO2 mole fraction at 25 yrs
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Aqueous Phase Density pH
(b) After 200 years
(c) After 500 years

1. Aqueous phase density at 25 yrs

(a) pH at 25 yrs
(b) After 200 years
(c) After 500 years
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Dissolved Calcite Precipitated Calcite
(a) Dissolved calcite at 25 yrs
(b) After 200 years
(c) After 500 years
(a) Precipitated calcite at 25 yrs
(b) After 200 years
(c) After 500 years
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????????????

• CO2?????
• ???????????????????
• 1,000?1,000,000??????
• ?????,CO2???????
• ??????,??
• ???????,????????,???,4D??
• CO2?????
• ?????????????????
• ????CO2?????

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Deep-Water Drilling
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Deep-Ocean Drillsites, 1961 2003
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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Riser Drill-Ship
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Riser Drill-Ship, Capacity
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Shipboard Laboratory
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Shipboard Laboratory
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Riserless Riser Drilling
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Blow-Out Preventer
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