PresentationExpress

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Objectives

• Describe the goals of developing nations in
  Africa.
• Understand the obstacles that African nations
  faced as they pursued development.
• Analyze the challenges faced by a developing
  nation by taking a closer look at Tanzania.

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Terms and People

• socialism economic system where the people as a
  whole, rather than private individuals, own all
  property and operate all businesses
• desertification a change from fertile land to
  desert
• urbanization the movement of people from rural
  areas to cities
• endangered species species threatened with
  extinction

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Terms and People (continued)

• Wangari Maathai an environmental activist in
  Kenya who started the Green Belt Movement
• sustainable development development that meets
  the needs of the present without compromising the
  ability of future generations to meet their needs

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What challenges have African nations faced in
their effort to develop their economies?
After World War II, African nations had little
capital to invest in development. Africa worked
to establish industry, increase literacy, and
develop resources in the face of drought and the
spread of AIDS.
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After World War II ended, newly independent
African nations had to make tough choices about
how to run their economies.

• Socialism
• System where the people as a whole own property
  and operate businesses
• Created large, inefficient bureaucracies

• Capitalism
• Market economies with private ownership of
  property
• Created more efficient economies, but allowed
  more profit to be taken away by foreign owners

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• They needed money for development.
• They then had to import food, and the policy made
  the nation dependent on the price of one crop.
• Governments kept food prices low, which
  discouraged local farmers from growing crops.

Governments grew cash crops for export and
stopped producing enough food for their people.
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Africa facing many obstacles as it worked toward
well-being.

• Long droughts led to food shortages and
  desertification, in which fertile land was lost.
• AIDS spread rapidly, which damaged economies and
  left children orphaned.
• A high rate of urbanization weakened traditional
  cultures and kinship ties.

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Families in Africa moved to the city to escape
drought and famine. Though the growth of cities
has given women greater economic opportunities
and eased ethnic tension, it has also weakened
African traditions.
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Africa has faced many environmental problems.

• Urbanization, population growth, farming, and
  logging have destroyed animal habitats.
• As a result, many of its animals are now
  endangered species.

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She worked with women to create sustainable
development projects that would provide lasting
well-being rather than short-term gains.
Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement
in Kenya to address some of these environmental
issues.
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Tanzania went through many changes after gaining
independence.
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Today, Tanzania has an agricultural economy.

• Half of the nations GDP comes from farming.
• The economy got a boost from a new gold mine in
  the early 2000s, and the government planned to
  use profits to reduce poverty.

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