INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

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INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

• Use with cytology map and cell diagram glue-ins.

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• Cytologythe study of cells and their functions!!

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Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor,
architect....(July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703)

• In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book,
  Micrographia, which contains his drawings of
  sections of cork as seen through one of the first
  microscopes (shown at right).
• He was the first person to use the term cells.

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723

• In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple
  microscope and observes cells and microorganisms.
• He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years
  later, he discovers protozoa.

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Cell Theory
Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are
made of cells (1838)
Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are
made of cells (1839)
Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from
pre-existing cells (1855)

• Cell Theory
• all living things are made up of cells
• cells are the basic units of structure and
  function in an organism
• new cells are produced from existing cells

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Cell Specialization

• Cells in organisms are specialized to perform
  different tasks.

Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall
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Cell Types

• PROKARYOTE
• No nucleus
• No membrane-bound organelles
• Small ribosomes
• Most cells are 1 -10 µm in size
• Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
• Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
  Kingdoms

• EUKARYOTE
• Has nucleus
• Many organelles
• Larger ribosomes
• Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 µm in size
• Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
• Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
  Kingdoms

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Cell Type Prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the
  simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic
  material but no nucleus.

Typical bacteria cell
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Cell Types Eukaryotes

• Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus
  and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g.,
  mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not
  found in prokaryotes.

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Different Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

no nucleus
nucleus
no nucleus
nucleus
small ribosomes
larger ribosomes
small ribosomes
larger ribosomes
organelles
no organelles
organelles
no organelles
small
very small
small 2-1000?m
very small 1-10?m
protists, fungi, plants, animals
protists, fungi, plants, animals
only in bacteria
only in bacteria
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What Are the Parts of Cells

• Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some
  things in common.

• All cells have
• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• ribosomes
• nuclear material

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Parts of Eukaryotic Cells
Label the picture for your notes.
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Cell Organelle Assignment

• Using p. 176-183 in your textbook, fill out the
  cell organelle chart.
• Be sure you can identify each organelle on the
  picture of the cell you labeled in your notes.
• When you are finished, have your teacher stamp
  your chart, then begin on your Cell Analogy
  poster.