The Republicans Take Power

1
The Republicans Take Power
2
Match the description to the term

1. laissez-faire
2. John Marshall
3. Judiciary Act of 1801
4. Aaron Burr
5. Albert Gallatin

• vice president under Thomas Jefferson
• increased the number of federal judges
• secretary of the treasury under Thomas Jefferson
• French expression for let the people do as they
  choose
• broadened federal power at the expense of the
  states

3

• 6. What does the 12th Amendment do?
• 7. What was Jeffersons and Gallatins plan to
  reduce the National Debt?
• 8. Why would Adams want to fill the new Judge
  positions with Federalists?
• 9. Why did Marbury v. Madison go to the Supreme
  Court?
• 10. What are the three principals of Judicial
  Review?

4
Jefferson Becomes President

• The nations new capital, Washington, D.C., was
  located on the Potomac River.
• The city contained only two prominent buildings
  the White House and the unfinished Capitol.

5
The Election of 1800

• In the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson was the
  Republican nominee for president, and Aaron Burr
  was the Republican vice presidential candidate.
• John Adams was the Federalist candidate for
  president, and Charles Pinckney of South Carolina
  was the vice-presidential candidate.

6

• Neither candidate travelled around the country
  making speeches and campaigning.
• Instead they wrote letters to leading citizens
  and newspapers to publicize their views.

7

• Because the Electoral College voted for President
  and Vice President separately not as a team,
  Jefferson and Burr tied for the most votes, so
  the House of Representatives had to decide the
  election.
• One Federalist in the HOR, with the urging of
  Alexander Hamilton, decided not to vote for Burr,
  so Jefferson became president and Burr became
  vice president.
• There had been a long standing political and
  personal bitterness between Burr and Hamilton,
  which will ultimately lead to a duel between the
  men and one of them will be murdered!

8

• Congress ratified the Twelfth Amendment in 1804,
  which requires electors to vote for president and
  vice president on separate ballots.
• This amendment would prevent another tie between
  a presidential and a vice-presidential candidate.

9

• Jefferson tried to reach out to Federalists in
  his Inaugural Address.
• He also emphasized reducing the power of the
  federal government.
• This idea is similar to the French philosophy
  laissez-faire, which means let (people) do (as
  they choose).

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Exit Question 1

• How do election campaigns of today differ from
  those of 1800?

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Jeffersons Policies

• Jeffersons administration was small compared to
  those of today.
• This followed his idea of limited national
  government.
• Jefferson appointed James Madison as secretary of
  state and Albert Gallatin as secretary of
  treasury.
• Jefferson and Gallatin wanted to reduce the
  national debt and they cut military expenses to
  do so.

12

• The Judiciary Act of 1801 increased the number of
  federal judges.
• Before leaving office, Adams filled many of the
  judicial positions with Federalists so that
  Federalists could control the courts.
• These judges were known as midnight judges.

13

• After Jefferson was elected, he told Secretary of
  State Madison not to deliver the outstanding
  commissions.
• To force the delivery of his commission, William
  Marbury took the case to the Supreme Court.
• Chief Justice John Marshall turned down Marburys
  claim.

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• With his decision, Marshall set out three
  principals of judicial review
• The Constitution is the supreme law of the land
• when there is conflict between the Constitution
  and any other law, the Constitution must be
  followed
• and the judicial branch has an obligation to
  uphold the Constitution.

15

• In cases like McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons
  v. Ogden the Supreme Court broadened the power of
  the federal government at the expense of the
  states.

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Exit Question 2

• Who were the midnight judges and what did Adams
  hope to accomplish by appointing them?