Architecture Examples And Hierarchy

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Architecture Examples And Hierarchy

• Samuel Njoroge

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Architecture Examples and Hierarchy - Overview

• Architecture Levels
• Bus interconnection and Bridging
• Controller chips
• System Level architecture
• Board level architecture
• Chip Level architecture

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What are the architectural ranges?
Microsocopic an integrated chip
Macroscopic Entire Computer System
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Some Architectural terms

• System This is the complete computer it
  includes CPU, memory and I/O devices. System
  architecture describes the interconnection of
  components and buses
• Board Individual circuit board that forms part
  of a computer. Board architecture describes the
  interconnection of chips and the interface to the
  bus
• Chip Individual integrated chip that is used on
  a circuit board. Chip architecture describes the
  interconnection of functional units and gates
• Bus Subsystem that transfers data and power
  between computer components
• Functional Unit An entity of hardware capable of
  accomplishing specified purpose.

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System level Architecture of PC

• Interconnections
• High Speed Buses -
• For functional units requiring high speed
• Low speed buses
• For functional units requiring low seed

• Functional Units
• Processor
• Memory
• I/O Interfaces

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Bus Interconnection and Bridging

• To interconnect buses we use Bridging
• With Bridge technology we can have multiple
  bridges
• Bridge technology enables backward compatibility
  (.e.g. old I/O devices can be used with new
  processor

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Example of bridging

• A processor uses Peripheral Component
  Interconnect Bus (PCI)
• I/O devices uses Industrial Standard Architecture
  (ISA).
• These buses are incompatible and cannot be
  connected
• Solution use Bridge Technology.

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Physical Architecture of Bridge

• Design of bridge is complex
• The architecture of the Bridge uses special
  controllers Controller Chips
• Separates high speed and low speed units onto
  separate chips.
• A controller can also provide an illusion of a
  bus

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Example of PC architecture

• Two Controller chips
• A). Northbridge Chip-
• Processor, Memory
• Advanced Graphic port (AGP).
• B.) Southbridge Chip-
• LAN interface, PCI Bus,
• Printer and Input Ports

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PC controller layout
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Board Level Architecture

• For Board level Architecture Ill use an example
  of a LAN Interface
• LAN Interface
• Connect computer to a Network
• Transmit data between computers and network
• Comprised of an individual circuit board with
  Processor and memory.

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Board Level Architecture LAN Interface.

• SRAM
• Highest Speed
• Used for Instructions. DRAM
• Lower Speeds
• Used for data transfer

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Chip Level Architecture Intel Network Processor

• Chip Level Architecture shows us the internal
  design of an integrated circuit that are
  concealed in a board level architecture

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Example of the functional units on a Chip
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Summary

• Architecture level of a system can be viewed at
  several layers of abstraction
• System architecture shows the entire computer
  system
• Board Architecture shows individual circuit board
• Chip architecture shows Individual integrated
  circuit
• Functional unit architecture shows individual
  functional unit on integrated circuit.

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Works Cited.

• http//www.eca.cs.purdue.edu/
• http//www.cstp.umkc.edu/mullinsj/cs282/
• Essentials of Computer Architecture
• Douglas E. Corner