????? ????????????? ?????????: RDFS, OWL. ???? ???????? SPARQL

1
????? ????????????? ????????? RDFS, OWL. ????
???????? SPARQL

• RDFS
• OWL
• ??????? ? RDF/OWL SPARQL.

2
RDFS

• RDFS ???? ???????? ???????? ??? RDF.
• RDF Schema ?????????? ??????, ???????? ? ??????
  ???????.
• RDFS ???????? ????????????? ??????????? RDF.

3
??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? RDFS

• ?????
• ????????
• -?????
• -????????
• ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???.

4
?????? (??????)
????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ?
?????????? ???????.
?????
????????
???????
5
?????? (?????????)
a-la RDF (????????????? ??????) ?????
(????????) ????? (???????) ????????
(?????, ????????, ???????).
a-la Java ????? ???????? ??????? ?????
? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?
????????? ?????????, ??? ????????????? ????????
???????? ?????? ????????. ?????????? ????????
????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ???????.
6
?????? (1)

• ??????? ????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????????
  ????????.
• ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????.
• ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????? RDF.
• ???????? rdftype ???????????? ??? ????, ?????
  ???????, ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????

7
?????? (2)

• RDF ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????????
  (?.?. ?????????????).
• ??? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????????????
  ????????? ??????????, ???? ??? ????? ??????
  ?????? ??????? (????????????).

8
?????? (??????????? ? ????????????)

• ?????????? ?????????
• A 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,
• B x, x 2k, k 0..4, k - ?????,
• C ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????
  ??????? 10.
• ? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????
  ??????????????, ????????? ? ? ? ???????????
  ??????????????, ?.?. ????????? ??????????????????
  ???????? ??????? ?????????.
• ???????? ???????.
• ?????????????, ??? RDF ???????? ???? ?? ????????
  ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? RDF ?? ?????????
  ???? ??????????? ?????? ????.

9
?????? (3)

• ?????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ? RDFS
  ??????????? ???????? rdfsClass
• ????????? ????????-????????, ??????????? RDFS
  ????????? rdfssubClassOf.
• ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??????????
  ?????? ????.
• ? ???????????? ?? RDFS ?????????? ????? ??????,
  ????????? ? ?????????? ????????, ?????????
  ??????? ? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???
  ?????? ?????????? ? ????????.

10
???????? ??????? RDFS
11
???????? ??????? RDFS
12
????????????? ?????????????? ???????????

• ? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ???????
  ??????????? ?? ??????????? RDF
• ??? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????
  rdfStatement ? ??? ???????? rdfsubject,
  rdfpredicate, rdfobject.
• ?????? RDF ??????????? ???????? ???????????
  ?????? rdfStatement

13
?????? (??????)

• ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????????
• ??????????? 1 ????? ? ????? ???? ?. ????????,
  ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??
  ????? RDF.
• ????????? ????????? ??????????? 2 ? ???, ???
  ?????? ?????? ?.?. ?????? ??????????? 1.

14
?????? (???????????)

• ????? ?
• rdfProperty ????? ????
• ???? ?
• rdfStatement ??????????? 1
• rdfsubject ?
• rdfpredicate ????? ????
• rdfobject ?
• rdfStatement ??????????? 1
• rdfProperty ??????? ???????
• ??????? ?????? ???? ????????
• ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????.

15
?????? (?????????)
?????? ???? ????????
???????
rdftype
??????? ???????
rdfStatement
rdftype
??????????? 1
rdfsubject
rdfpredicate
rdfobject
?????
????
????? ????
?
rdftype
?
rdftype
16
??????????? RDF, RDF Schema

• ?????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????????
• ???????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ?
  ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????
• ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????
  Web-????????
• - ?????
• - ?????????????
• - ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????

17
??????????? ????? RDF, RDF Schema

• ?????????? ? ????????????? RDF ????? ? ????, ???
  ??? ?????? (?.?. ????? ???????????? RDF) ?????
  ??????? ??? ?????? (?.?. ??????????? ????????????
  ???????????) ? ??? ?????? (?.?. ? ????? ???????
  ????) ????????? RDF.
• RDF ?? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????
  ??? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ? ???????.
  ?????????????, ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?
  ?????????????????? RDF-????????.
• ??? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ???????????
  ??????? ?? ??????????? (???????? ?????????????)
  ??????????, ?.?. ?? ????????????? ??????????
  ?????????????? RDF.

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??????? ????????????? RDF-???????? (1)

• XML ?????????
• lt?xml version"1.0"?gt
• ltrdfRDF xmlnsrdf"http//www.w3.org/1999/02/22-r
  df-syntax-ns"
• xmlnsdc"http//purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
• xmlnsexterms"http//www.example.org/terms/"gt
• ltrdfDescription rdfabout"http//www.example.org
  /index.html"gt
• ltextermscreation-dategtAugust 16,
  1999lt/extermscreation-dategt
• lt/rdfDescriptiongt
• ltrdfDescription rdfabout"http//www.example.org
  /index.html"gt
• ltdclanguagegtenlt/dclanguagegt
• lt/rdfDescriptiongt
• lt/rdfRDFgt

19
??????? ????????????? RDF-???????? (2)

• N3 (N-Triples) ????????? (??????? ??? ??????
  ?????????, ?? ??? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????
  RDF)
• ltexindex.htmlgt ltdccreatorgt
  exstaff85740 .
• ltexindex.htmlgt ltextermscreation-dategt "August
  16, 1999" .
• ltexindex.htmlgt ltdclanguagegt "en" .

20
??????? ????? (RDF)

• RDF ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ????
• ?????? ?????? RDF ??????????????? ????
• RDF ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????????
  ???????????? (?????????)
• ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? (S,P,O)
• RDF ??????????? ??????????? (??? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??????)
• RDFS ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? RDF.

21
OWL

• OWL (Web Ontology Language) ???? ?????????????
  ????????? ? Web. ?????????? ??? ???????
  ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? RDFS.
• OWL-????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????,
  ??????? ? ?? ???????????.

22
???????????? ??????????????? OWL

• DAML, OIL, SHOE, XOL
• OWL ???????? ????????????? W3C ? ??????????
  ?????? ????? ????? ????????????????

23
??? ???????? OWL

• OWL Lite (????????)
• OWL DL (??????? ? ????????????)
• OWL Full (????????????? ????)
• ?????? ?? ???? ????????? (????? Lite) ????????
  ??????????? ???????????.
• ??? ?????????
• ????? OWL Lite ????????? ???????? OWL DL
  ??????????, ? ????? OWL DL ????????? ???????? OWL
  Full ??????????.

24
????????? OWL ?????????

• ?????????
• ??????
• ??????????
• ????????????? ?????????
• ????
• ???????? ???????, ??????? ? ????????? ? ?????
  ??????

25
OWL. ??????? ????????. ?????? (1)

• ???????? ? ?????? owlClass ??? ???????? Full ?
  DL
• ??????????? ??????
• Thing
• Nothing

26
OWL. ??????? ????????. ?????? (2)

• 6 ???????? ??????????? ??????
• 1. ??????????????? ?????? (URI)
• 2. ????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????
• 3. ???????????? ????????
• 4. ???????????? 2 ? ????? ??????????? ???????
• 5. ???????????? 2 ? ????? ??????????? ???????
• 6. ??????????? ??????????? ??????

27
OWL. ??????? ????????. ?????? (3)

• ?????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????????
  ?????
• ltowlClass rdfID"Human"/gt
• ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????
  ?????? ? ?????? Human.
• ??????????? OWL ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????
  ???????
• rdfssubClassOf - ??????? ? ???, ??? ????????????
  ?????? ?????? (????????) ????????? ?????? ?
  ???????????? ??????? (????????).
• owlequivalentClass - ??????? ? ???, ???
  ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????.
• owldisjointWith - ??????? ? ???, ???
  ????????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????????.

28
OWL. ??????? ????????. ???????? (1)

• ??? ???????? ????????? OWL ???????
• ????????? ???????? (owlObjectProperty)
• ????????? ????? ????? ????????
• ????????-???????? (owlDatatypeProperty)
• ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????
• ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????
  rdfProperty
• ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????
• ltowlObjectProperty rdfID"hasParent"/gt
• ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????
  ?????????? ???????? "hasParent" ????????????
  ?????????? owlThing ???? ? ??????.

29
OWL. ??????? ????????. ???????? (2)

• ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????
  (??????)
• ??????????? RDF Schema
• rdfssubPropertyOf (?????????? ???????????
  ??????? ????????),
• rdfsdomain (?????????? ?????) ?
• rdfsrange (?????????? ????????)
• ????????? ????? ??????????
• owlequivalentProperty (??????????
  ????????????? ????????) ?
• owlinverseOf (?????????? ????????
  ????????)

30
OWL. ??????? ????????. ???????? (3)

• ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????
  (?????????)
• ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????
  owlFunctionalProperty (?????????? ???????????
  ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????
  ???????? ?? ????????) ?
• owlInverseFunctionalProperty
  (???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??
  ??? ????????, ?.?. ?????????? ?????????????
  ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????)
• ?????????? ?????????????? ????????
  owlSymmetricProperty (?????????? ???????? ???
  ???????????? ???????) ?
• owlTransitiveProperty (?????????? ????????????
  ????????)

31
OWL. ??????? ????????. ???????? (1)

• ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????
  (??????)
• 2 ???? ??????
• (1) ????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ? ?
  ???????? ??????? ?????????.
• (2) ????? ?? ???????????? ?????????

32
OWL. ??????? ????????. ???????? (2)

• ?????? ??????? ??????? ????
• lt????? rdfID"??????????????"gt
• lt???????????????? rdfresource"??????????"
  /gt
• lt/?????gt
• ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? 2 ?????
• (?) ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ??????????????
• (?) ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????
  ???????????????? ? ????????? ??????????
  (???????????? ???-?? ? ?????? ?????).
• ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ? ??????, ??????
  ? ???????? ???????? ????????.

33
OWL. ??????? ????????. ???????? (3)

• ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????????
  ???????????? ??????? ????????????
• ??????????????? ??????????? OWL
• owlsameAs ???????????, ??? ??? ?????? URI
  ????????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ???????.
• owldifferentFrom ???????????, ??? ??? ?????? URI
  ????????? ?? ?????? ????????.
• owlAllDifferent ????????????? ???????? ???
  ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????.

34
OWL. ??????? ????????. ??????.
35
????? ???????? ? RDF ??????????. ??????????
????? ??? RDF-??????? ? ???????????

• ????????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ??
  ????? ?? ???????? ??????, ???? ?? ? ???? ???????
  ?????? ???? ??????????, ????????????? ??
  ???????????? ? ?????????.
• ??????? ??? ??????? ??????
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?
  ????????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? (asking,
  querying).
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ???????????
  ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? (reasoning,
  entailment).

36
SPARQL

• ????????? ??????? (??????????)
• SELECT ltv_listgt
• FROM ltonologyURIgt
• WHERE lttemplate_listgt.
• FILTER ltfilter_exprgt
• v_list ?????? ???? ??????????
• onologyURI ?????? ?? ?????????
• template_list ?????? ????????
• filter_expr ??????????? ?? ???????? ??????????

37
?????? SPARQL (1)

• ?????? RDF ? ???? ????????? (S, P, O)
• (Foo1, category, Total Members)
• (Foo1, rdfvalue, 199)
• (Foo2, category, Total Members)
• (Foo2, rdfvalue, 200)
• (Foo2, category, CATEGORY X)
• (bar, category, CATEGORY X)
• (bar, rdfvalue, 358).

38
?????? SPARQL (2)

• SPARQL - ??????
• SELECT ?cat ?val
• WHERE ?x rdfvalue ?val. ?x category ?cat.
• FILTER(?valgt200).
• ??????????? SELECT ????????? ?????????? cat ?
  val, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????.
• ??????????? WHERE ??????????? ??????? ???? (S, P,
  O).
• ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????
  ?????????? - x
• ??????????? FILTER ??????????? ??????????? ??
  ???????? ?????????? val ??????????? ????????
• ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? cat
  ????????? category, ??????? ???????? (x) ????????
  ????? ????????? ????????? rdfvalue ?? ?????????
  val, ?? ??????? 200. ?????? ?? ?????????? cat
  ?????? ??????????????? ???????? val.

39
?????? SPARQL (3)

• ??? ?????????? ???????
• ?? ????? ?????????? x ????? ???? ???????????
  Foo1, Foo2 ? bar, ?????? Foo2 ????? ????
  ?????????? ??????.
• ??? ??????????? Foo1 ???????? ?????????? val ??
  ????????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? FILTER.
  ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ????????? (??. ?????????).
• ????????? ?????????? ???????
• "Total Members", 200, "CATEGORY X", 200,
• "CATEGORY X", 358

40
??????????. ???????? ???? ?? ???? ? Semantic Web

• ??????? ??????????????? Web ??????????
  (???????????? W3C)
• XML
• RDF/RDFS
• OWL
• SPARQL
• RIF (Rule Interchange Format)
• ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ???
  ?????????? Semantic Web ??????????
• Jena Framework (Java)
• Drive RDF Parser (C)
• ???????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????????!!!

41
??????????. Semantic Web ??????
42
??????? ? ??????

• ??? ???? ????? RDFS?
• ??? ????? ???????????
• ??? ?????????? ????? RDFS ?? ?????? OWL?