Title: ?8? ??? Carbohydrate Metabolism
1?8? ???Carbohydrate Metabolism
2??????
- ???????????
- ??????
- ??????
- ???????
- ????????
- ???????????
31.???????????
1.1 ??????
- ????????????
- ??70???,?????????????????????????????
??C??? - ?????????
- ??????,??????????, ????????????
- ????
- ?????,????
41.2 ???????
????
????
????
? ?
????
???????
51.3 ??
- ??
- ?????????,????????????,??????????
- ???????
- ????????????????????????????
- ??
- ????????,??????,???????
62.??????
2.1 ???(Glycolysis)??????
- 1897?,Buchner?????????????????
- ?????????????,????????????????(ATP)?
????? -
- ???? ???
?? ?? - G. Embden ?
Meyerhof??????? - ??????????????
7???? ???(6C)????2?????(3C)
??,???????2?ATP??
?????
8?????
???????????,???2?????-3-P??????
9- ???? ?????
- ????????????(??NADH)??????????,????2?ATP
??
10??,???????????????????? ????,?????????,???2?ATP??
?????
11 ???????,?????????????,????????,???NADH
??????????
12- ????????3?
- ?????????
- ??.
- ???
- ????
- ??????
- ?????
???????
?1??G??????????, ????2??ATP?????? ??,????3??ATP(??
??)
13????????
- ????????????????????????????????????????
- ??????????,?????????,??????????????????
???????????? - ?????????????????????????????????
142.2 ????(aerobic oxidation)
?????,?????????CO2?H2O,??????????
C6H12O6 6O2
6CO2 6H2O ??
??????,???????(???),????????????
15???? ????
2 ???
???????, ??????
???? ?????? ???(3C)?????CoA(2C),???????,????
??????,??????,??????? ? ?????
?? ???2????CoA
16????????? ?????? E1 ?????? E2 ?????????? E3
???????? ??6????? TPP????? CoA? FAD? NAD?Mg2
?????????(pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, PDC)
?????
17???? ?????
1937?Crebs???????????Crebs???
???CoA???????????(?3???)??????,???????????????????
????????? ????????
18? ? ? ? ? ? ?
19????????
-
- ??CoA(2C)?????????????2?CO2,????3?NADH2,1?FAD
H2,1?GTP(?ATP)? NADH2 ? FADH2 ????H???????????????
? - ??????,?2?H?????????(??????)???1/2O2,??
H2O,???????????ATP? - 1??NADH2 ??????1??H2O?2.5?ATP
- 1??FADH2 ??????1??H2O?1.5?ATP
20?1??????????????????
- ????(??)??2ATP
- ??2NADH2
-
?7(5)ATP - ????(???)2NADH2 2CO2
-
?5ATP - ????(???) 6NADH2 4CO2
- 2FADH2
-
2GTP(?2ATP) -
?20ATP - ?? 32(30)ATP?6CO2
21 ?????????
- ???????????????????
- ????????????????????????
- ?????
- ????????????????????????
- ?????????
- ??????????????????????
- ????,????????????????
222.3 ??????(pentose phosphate pathway)
- ?????????????????,??30????????????,???
???,???????????????? - ?6-P-?????,??????
- 1. ???? ??NADPH2?CO2?5-P-???
- 2. ????? ???????????????,5-P-????????????
23??????
?? ??????? ??NADPH???? CO2 ?????? ??????? ?????
??? ??3-?????, ???????? ?????
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ?
24???????????
??? 6 X ???-6-P 5 X
???-6-P 12 NADPH2 6 CO2Pi
- ?????NADPH?????????,??????????????????
?????,????????,??????? - ??????????????????
- ?????????????????,??????????????
- ?????????????
253. ??????
3.1 ??
- ??????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????,????????????????????????
????????????, ???????????????. - ????(?????,?) ???
???-6-?? - ?????? ??-6-??
??-1,6-??? - ????? ???????? ??????
ATP - ??????
??? -
-
ATP
(1)
ATP
(2)
ADP
(3)
263.2 ????????
????????????????(?????)
???????????
??
???????????
27????????????????
A
?????????, ??????????
B
????????,??????????????
28???????????????????
29??????
?????
????(?????????????)????? ??????????????????
30?????????????
- ????????,??????????,??????????????????,?
??????????????? - ????50???????????????(????)?
- ???????????????????,??????????????,????
?????, ??Coris ???
????(Cori ??)
314. ????????
4.1 ????
- ??( glycogen ),??????,??,?????????
??????? a(1,4)?????(93),???a(1,6)???(7)?????????
?????
324.2 ????
Pi
??????
???
???????????????????-1-??,?????????????,?????
???
33 ???-1-?????????????????????-6-??,?????????????
?, ?????????(??)?????????,???????
344.3 ? ???
????????????????????????.??????????????????
6-P-???,????1-P-???,?????????????????(UDPG)???????
?????????????,?????UDP,???????????????????????????
?.
1
2
35UDPG???????G-1-P????UDP-???(???????????)
3
4
?? ??
5
364.4 ????
UDP-????????UDP-???,????????
375. ??????
5.1 ???????????
??????6-????? ??????3-????? ?????????
385.2 ??????
-
- ???????
- ?????????,ATP????????????????????????
,?????????????????? - ????????6-P-????(??????????)?????????,
?????????????? - ?????
- ?????????????????????????????????
39- ?????????
- ????,????????,????????????????,??????
????????,???????? - ???????????????????????(???ATP?ADP?AMP??
???)???,???????????????????
40 ???????????????
41????
42-
- ? ?
- 1. ??9????????
- Lys Met Ser Glu Ser Tyr Ala Leu Gly
-
- a. ???????
- b. ?????????????????????????,????????????
- ?????????
- 5AUUCCGACUGGCGAAGUCGGCGC 3
- ???????????.
43 3. ???????????????,??????????????????????? 4.
????B???????,????????????2????????