Millions of Hectares

1
Today more Biotech Th 3/26 Exam 2
Global area planted with GM crops
Texas 70 ha
Millions of Hectares
http//www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/
gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
2
RT and/or PCR
Fig 18.1
Inserting a gene into a bacterial plasmid
3
Bacteria can be used to transform plants
Global area planted with GM crops
Texas 70 ha
Millions of Hectares
http//www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/
gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
4
Agrobacterium infect plants, inserting their
plasmid DNA into the plants genome.
Fig 19.15b
5
Agrobacterium infect plants, inserting their
plasmid DNA into the plants genome.
Fig 19.15
6
By replacing the gall forming genes with other
DNA when the Agrobacterium infect a plant, it
will insert that DNA into the plant.
Fig 19.16
7
Fig 19.16
The generation of a transgenic plant
Grown on herbicide
8
How do you know whether the gene you want to
express has the correct sequence? DNA sequencing
9

• The structure of 2,3-dideoxynucleotides

Fig 18.14
10
Fig18.15
The dideoxy sequencing method
11
Fig18.15
The dideoxy sequencing method
12
Gel produced by the dideoxy sequencing method
13
Fig 18.16
Computerized sequencers use a similar method
14
Genetic Engineering Direct manipulation of DNA
Fig 18.2
15
now enjoy making Frakencritters.
16
Is this a good idea?
Global area planted with GM crops
Texas 70 ha
Millions of Hectares
http//www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/
gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
17
http//www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.
htm
18
Human resource production and use
Worldwide Grain Production per Person
http//www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.
htm
19
Land use in USA, 1997
20
(No Transcript)
21
Modern cows were bred from earlier bovine species.
22
from Teosinte
Maize
By artificial selection that began 10,000 years
ago.
23
(No Transcript)
24
Different foods from one species of plant.
Created by artificial selection.
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
Genetic Engineering Direct manipulation of DNA
Fig 18.1
28
The agricultural release of genetically modified
organisms is the largest scale experiment that
has ever been performed.
29
Global area planted with GM crops
Texas 70 ha
Millions of Hectares
http//www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/
gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
30
(No Transcript)
31
Tbl 19.5
Why Change a Plants DNA?

• Can change plant so that it has new or different
  characteristics
• Produce needed protein
• Insect resistance (Bt toxin)
• Herbicide resistance (Round-up)
• Drought or other stress resistance

32
Common GM Crops in the U.S.
of Total US Acres
http//blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2007/09/monsant
o-is-hap.html
33
Types of Genetically Modified Crops
Herbicide Tolerance Insect Resistance Viral
Resistance
34
Common GM Crops in the U.S.
of Total US Acres
http//blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2007/09/monsant
o-is-hap.html
35
Is changing an organsisms DNA a good idea?
Texas 70 ha
Millions of Hectares
http//www.gmo-compass.org/eng/agri_biotechnology/
gmo_planting/257.global_gm_planting_2006.html
36
Is Changing an Organisms DNA a Good or Bad Idea?

• Genes flow within species and between species.
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are GM foods profitable for
• Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?

37
Human impacts Dead zone in Gulf of Mexico from
Mississippi River
http//blog.nola.com/times-picayune/2007/06/despit
e_promises_to_fix_it_the.html
38
Pollen is easily transferred from plant to plant,
and to related species.
39
Genetic information moves.
GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states
GM crops illegal
40
Genetic information moves, and is
self-replicating.
GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states
GM crops illegal
41
Many Questions, but Few Answers?

• Are herbicide or insect resistant plants safe to
  eat?
• Are GM foods safe for the environment?
• Are GM foods profitable for
• Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?