Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

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Chapter 3

• Section 1
• Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

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Civilization

• People that developed writing, cities, and
  specialized workers.
• 1st about 5,000 years ago

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Mesopotamia

• One of the 1st civilizations
• Between Tigris and Euphrates rivers
• Fertile Crescent
• During bronze age

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Farming

• Began around 4500 B.C.
• Irrigation system
• Ditches dug to better water crops

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Government

• City-state
• City controls the land around it
• Theocracy
• Government is ruled by a king who is the
  religious leader too.

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Sumer

• Earliest city-state
• Cuneiform
• Form of writing that used wedge shaped markings

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Akkad

• Conquered Sumer 2300 B.C.
• Made first empire

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Babylon

• Conquered Sumer 1800 B.C.
• Hammurabi
• Wrote a code of laws
• Made 60 minute hour and 60 second minute
• Had clocks controlled by water

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Phoenicians

• 1200 B.C.
• Traded with other cultures
• Created an alphabet

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Ancient Egypt

• Nile is the longest river in the world
• Delta- triangular piece of fertile land
• Empire formed 5000 B.C.
• 2 kingdoms
• Upper Egypt
• Lower Egypt

Educational
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Pharaohs and Gods

• 3100 B.C. kingdoms united
• Pharaoh great house
• Both king and god

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Religion

• Polytheistic
• Having many gods

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Mummies

• Embalmed
• Bodies preserved immediately after death
• Mummy
• Body wrapped in strips of linen
• Pyramids
• Tombs of the pharaohs

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Writing

• Hieroglyphics
• Form of picture writing
• Papyrus
• Plant used to make paper
• Rosetta Stone
• Allowed scientists to read hieroglyphics