Introduction CHEM 012: Chemical Principles Sections 66-78 Fall 2006 Instructor:Dr. Arshad Khan Office:107 Chemistry Blg Phone:[phone] Office hours:Weds. 10:30-noon or by appt. Email: [e-mail]

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Introduction CHEM 012 Chemical Principles
Sections 66-78Fall 2006Instructor Dr. Arshad
KhanOffice 107 Chemistry Blg Phone (814)
863-9295Office hours Weds. 1030-noon or by
appt. Email kub_at_psu.edu
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• TAs will be assisting us with this course
• will be available to help you at their posted
• hours

Chem Undergrad Office 210 Whitmore (814)
865-9391
Grades
Recitation days Quiz Homework Online skill
check tests 3 Midterm exams a final
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Chapter 1Matter and Measurement

• Chem 12
• Penn State
• Dr. Arshad Khan

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States of Matter

• Solid
• Fixed shape, fixed volume, incompressible,
  particles are closely spaced and strongly held.
• Liquid
• No fixed shape, fixed volume, almost
  incompressible, particles are less strongly held.
• Gas
• No fixed shape, no fixed volume, compressible,
  particles are loosely held

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States of Matter
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SI Units

• Length Meter (m)
• Mass Kilogram (kg)

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Prefixes used in Metric System

• Giga (G) 109
• Mega (M) 106
• Kilo (K) 103
• Deci (d) 10-1
• Centi (c) 10-2
• Milli (m)  10-3
• Micro (µ)  10-6
• Nano (n)  10-9
• Pico (p)  10-12
• Femto (f)  10-15

Note 1 kg 103 g 1 km 103 m
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Temperature Scales

• K oC 273.15
• oC (5/9) (oF 32) or oF (9/5) (oC) 32

(100 div./180 div.)
Density Density Mass (g) / Volume (mL)
g/mL
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• Extensive Property depends upon mass
• Examples volume, heat
• Intensive Property does not depend upon mass
• Examples Color, Temperature, boiling
  temperature, etc.

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Physical Chemical Changes
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Physical Chemical Changes
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Uncertainty in Measurement

• Precision
• Reproducible
• Accuracy
• Correct and Reproducible
• How are they different?
• Precision means reproducible may be correct or
  incorrect

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Significant Figures

1. Left most nonzero digit is the most significant
   figure (MSF).
2. When there is a decimal point, the right most
   digit is the least significant figure (LSF).
3. The number of digits from the MSF to the LSF is
   the number of significant figures.

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12.3100
MSF LSF (6 significant figures)
1234 1 .234 x 103 no decimal point
MSF LSF (4 significant figures)
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1200 1.2 x 103 (2 significant
figures) 1.20 x 103 (3 significant
figures) 1.200 x 103 (4
significant figures) 0.00520 5.20 x 10-3 (3
significant figures) Exact Numbers 12 inches
1 foot 12.000000 (8 significant figures)
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Rules of Multiplication Division

• Go by minimum number of significant figures
• 1.0 x 5.3642 5.3642
• 2 sig. 5 sig. Drop and round off
• fig. fig.
• 5.4
• Round off rule
• When dropping a digit greater than 5, add 1 to
  the preceeding digit.
• When dropping a digit equal to 5, add 1 for odd
  preceeding digit otherwise, do not add.

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Rule of Addition Subtraction

• Go by minimum number of decimal places (dp).
• 0.1 22.32 22.42
• 1 dp 2 dp drop
• 22.4

Dimensional Analysis Problems