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VICTIM ASSESSMENT

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VICTIM ASSESSMENT Primary & Secondary Survey Beginning First Aid Do not move the injured or suddenly ill person until you have a clear idea of the injury or illness ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: VICTIM ASSESSMENT


1
VICTIM ASSESSMENT
  • Primary Secondary Survey

2
Beginning First Aid
  • Do not move the injured or suddenly ill person
    until you have a clear idea of the injury or
    illness and have applied first aid
  • The exception occurs when the victim is exposed
    to further danger at the accident scene
  • The first aider must not assume that the obvious
    injuries are the only ones present because less
    noticeable ones may have occured

3
Victim Assessment
  • Get the victims consent
  • Gain the victims confidence
  • Identify the problems and determine which
    requires immediate first aid
  • Get info. about victim to give to EMS

4
Primary Survey
  • The primary survey is the first step in assessing
    a victim.
  • A - Airway Open?
  • B - Breathing?
  • C - Circulation at carotid pulse?
  • H - Hemorrhage - severe bleeding?

5
Secondary Survey
  • Look for important signs and symptoms of injury
  • Sign - something the first aider sees, hears, or
    feels (pale face, no respiration, cool skin)
  • Symptom - Something the victim tells the first
    aider (nausea, back pain, no feeling in
    extremities)

6
Secondary Survey - Part 1
  • Interview - Identify yourself and get consent
  • Ask about chief complaint
  • For unconscious victim, monitor breathing and
    pulse, and if needed, render rescue breathing or
    CPR

7
Interview
  • After finding chief complaint use S-A-M-P-L-E for
    taking history and P-A-I-N as a way of describing
    pain
  • S-ymptoms (chief complaint)
  • A-llergies (may give a clue to problem
  • M-edication (may give clue to problem)
  • P-reexisting illnesses (
  • L-ast food (in case of surgery or food poisoning)
  • E-vents prior to injury

8
P-A-I-N
  • P-eriod of pain (how long? What started it?
  • A-rea (Where?)
  • I-ntensity (How strong?)
  • N-ullify (What stops it? Such as rest, certain
    positions)

9
Secondary Survey 2
  • Interview is 1 part of secondary survey
  • 2 is Vital Signs
  • Pulse - 60-100, note rate, rhythm volume
  • Respiration - 12-20 breaths/min. Listen for
    whistle or wheeze-constricted airway
  • A crowing sound - constricted airway
  • A gurgling sound - fluid in airway
  • A snoring sound - tongue blockage
  • Temperature - note skin condition - temperature
    color capillary refill

10
Secondary Survey 3Head-to-Toe Exam
  • Tell victim what is being done
  • Do not aggravate injuries or contaminate wounds
  • Do not move the victim in case of neck and spinal
    injuries
  • Removing clothing is not usually necessary

11
Head-to-Toe Exam
  • Head Neck
  • Check scalp for bleeding or deformity (goose egg
    or depression)
  • Do not move head
  • Check ears and nose for clear fluid or bloody
    discharge
  • Mouth for blood or foreign body

12
Head-to-Toe Exam - Eyes
  • Pupil Size - constricted or dilated
  • Look for unequal pupils -
  • Use flashlight to see if pupils are reactive to
    light
  • No reaction could mean death, coma, cataracts, or
    artificial eye

13
Eye - (continued)
  • Look at inner eyelid surface - should be pink
  • Pale color may indicate anemia or blood loss
  • PEARL - Pupils equal and reactive to light

14
Head-to-Toe Exam - Chest
  • Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and
    impaled objects
  • Warn victim you are going to apply pressure to
    the sides of the chest
  • Pain from squeezing or compressing may indicate
    rib fracture

15
Head-to-Toe Exam - Abdomen
  • Anything protruding or pentrating
  • If complaint is abdominal pain - ask victim to
    point to pain
  • Feel for abnormal lumps
  • Do not push too deep
  • Check for guarding

16
Head-to-Toe Exam- Extremity Assessment
  • Check arms and legs for injury, deformity, or
    tenderness
  • Compare two sides of body
  • Check circulation - pulse, warmth of part, and
    capillary refill (greater than 2 seconds is
    abnormal)

17
Extremity Assessment - (cont)
  • Check the radial pulse - in the wrist
  • Check the pedal pulse - on the ankle or top of
    the foot for circulation

18
Head-to-Toe Exam-Spine and Back Assessment
  • Help victim to avoid excessive movement
  • Check sensation and strength in all extremities
    by having them press their foot against your hand
  • Spinal injury - may show paraplegia - paralysis
    in both legs
  • The stroke victim is likely to have hemiplegia -
    hemi (half), plegia (paralysis)
  • Paralysis of an arm or leg on the same side of
    the body

19
Putting it all Together
  • The assessment will be influenced by whether the
    victim is suffering from a medical problem or
    injury
  • Whether conscious or unconscious
  • Whether life-threatening conditions are present

20
Medical Alert Tag
  • May be worn as necklace or bracelet
  • Attracts attention in an emergency situation
  • Contain wearers medical problem and 24-hour
    phone to call in case of emergency
  • Do not remove

21
CALL EMS
  • Give following info
  • Victims location
  • Your phone
  • What has happened
  • of persons needing assistance
  • Condition of victim
  • What is being done
  • Always be last to hang up
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