Civil War: 1861-1865

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Civil War 1861-1865

• AP US History

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Introduction

• Immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter
  volunteers flocked to Union Confederate armies.
• No one thought war would last long.
• Draft used by both governments
• North began war to stop secession. Did NOT start
  war to end slavery.

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Part I Mobilizing for War
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Recruitment and Enlistment

• Initially no draft, not enough soldiers.
• Confederacy first to hold draft (April 1862).
• 20 Negro Law Anyone owning more than 20 slaves
  did not have to enlist.
• North passed Enrollment Act in 1863.

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Financing the War

• Both sides sold war bonds
• South printed more and more money instead of
  collected taxes. Money worth nothing.
• North passed National Bank Act.
• Permitted federally chartered banks to issue
  national bank notes.

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Northern Leadership during War Time

• Lincoln faced opposition over bank, draft and
  emancipation by northern democrats.
• Radical Republicans wanted emancipation of
  slaves.
• Chase
• Sumner
• Thaddeus Stevens
• Lincoln held party together.

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Southern Leadership

• Democratic party became fractioned in south.
• Confederacy had 5 Secretaries of War in 4 years.
• Davis felt central government had to be strong in
  order to win war.

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Securing Union Borders

• Lincoln had to protect Washington D.C.
• Refused to let Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky and
  Missouri leave Union.
• Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus
• West Virginia was created to act as a fifth
  border state in 1863.
• Lincoln claimed emergency power to ignore some
  Supreme Court decisions.

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Part II In Battle 1861-1862
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A War of Firsts

• Was the first war to use
• railroads
• mass production of weapons
• iron plated ships
• rifle guns and artillery
• trench warfare
• telegraph technology.

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Battle Information

• Most battles fought in the South.
• Confederacy had 9 million people (1/3 slaves)
• South trying to protect Richmond from North.

• North had 3.5 times more military age personnel.
• 1861 North had 22 million.
• 90 of all industry and railroads was in the
  North.

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From Confiscation to Emancipation

• In inaugural address, Lincoln said he would not
  interfere with slavery.
• Lincoln was hesitant about freeing slaves
• Did not want to push border states to secede
• Congress passed 2nd Confiscation Act
• Permitted the seizing of slaves and using blacks
  as soldiers
• Emancipation Proclamation delivered by Lincoln
  on Jan. 1, 1863.
• Freed all slaves in areas of rebellion
• At first, the proclamation freed no slaves, but
  issuing it allowed the US to gain support from
  Europe.