Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 33
About This Presentation
Title:

Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

Description:

Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition Chapter 3 Database Systems and Business Intelligence Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:335
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 34
Provided by: efilesMe
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition


1
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth
Edition
  • Chapter 3
  • Database Systems and Business Intelligence

2
Data Management
  • Without data and the ability to process it
  • An organization could not successfully complete
    most business activities
  • For data to be transformed into useful
    information, it must first be organized in a
    meaningful way

3
The Database Approach
  • Traditional approach to database management
  • Separate data files are created and stored for
    each application program
  • Database approach to database management
  • Multiple application programs share a pool of
    related data

4
(No Transcript)
5
Data Modeling
  • Building a database requires two types of designs
  • Logical design
  • Abstract model of how data should be structured
    and arranged to meet an organizations
    information needs
  • Physical design
  • Fine-tunes the logical database design for
    performance and cost considerations

6
Data Modeling (continued)
  • Planned data redundancy
  • Improves system performance
  • Data model
  • Diagram of data entities and their relationships
  • Enterprise data modeling
  • Data modeling done at the level of the entire
    enterprise
  • Entity-relationship (ER) diagrams
  • Data models that use basic graphical symbols to
    show the organization of and relationships
    between data

7
(No Transcript)
8
The Relational Database Model
  • Relational model
  • Describes data using a standard tabular format
  • Data elements are placed in two-dimensional
    tables, called relations, the logical equivalent
    of files
  • Domain
  • Allowable values for data attributes

9
Database Management Systems (DBMS)
  • Group of programs used as an interface between a
    database and application programs or a database
    and the user
  • Used to manage all kinds of data for all kinds of
    purposes

10
Overview of Database Types
  • Flat file
  • Simple database program whose records have no
    relationship to one another
  • Single user
  • Only one person can use the database at a time
  • Multiple user
  • Allows dozens or hundreds of people to access the
    same database system at the same time
  • Examples Oracle, Sybase, and IBM

11
Providing a User View
  • Schema
  • Logical and physical structure of the data and
    relationships among the data in the database
  • Can be part of the database or a separate schema
    file

12
Creating and Modifying the Database
  • Data definition language (DDL)
  • Collection of instructions/commands that define
    and describe data and data relationships in a
    database
  • Allows database creator to describe the data and
    the data relationships that are to be contained
    in the schema
  • Data dictionary
  • Detailed description of all the data used in the
    database

13
Storing and Retrieving Data
  • One function of a DBMS
  • To be an interface between an application program
    and the database
  • Concurrency control
  • Method of dealing with a situation in which two
    or more people need to access the same record in
    a database at the same time

14
(No Transcript)
15
Manipulating Data and Generating Reports
  • Query-by-example (QBE)
  • Visual approach to developing database queries or
    requests
  • Data manipulation language (DML)
  • Commands that manipulate the data in a database
  • Structured Query Language (SQL)
  • Standardized data manipulation language
  • Lets programmers learn one powerful query
    language and use it on systems ranging from PCs
    to the largest mainframe computers

16
Database Administration
  • Database administrator (DBA) should
  • Have a clear understanding of the fundamental
    business of the organization
  • Be proficient in the use of selected database
    management systems
  • Stay abreast of emerging technologies and new
    design approaches

17
Popular Database Management Systems
  • Popular DBMSs for end users
  • Microsoft Access and FileMaker Pro
  • Emerging software
  • Database as a Service (DaaS) or Database 2.0
  • Database administration is provided by the
    service provider

18
Selecting a Database Management System
  • Important characteristics of databases
  • Database size
  • Database cost
  • Concurrent users
  • Performance
  • Integration
  • Vendor

19
Using Databases with Other Software
  • Database management systems are often used with
    other software packages or the Internet
  • Front-end application
  • Directly interacts with users
  • Back-end application
  • Interacts with applications

20
Database Applications
  • Manipulate content of a database to produce
    useful information
  • Common manipulations
  • Searching, filtering, synthesizing, and
    assimilating data

21
Linking Databases to the Internet
  • Semantic Web
  • Developing a seamless integration of traditional
    databases with the Internet
  • Allows people to access and manipulate a number
    of traditional databases at the same time through
    the Internet

22
Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining
  • Data warehouse
  • Holds business information from many sources in
    the enterprise
  • Data mart
  • Subset of a data warehouse
  • Data mining
  • Information-analysis tool for discovering
    patterns and relationships in a data warehouse
  • Predictive analysis combines historical data
    with assumptions about future conditions

23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
Business Intelligence
  • Gathering the right information in a timely
    manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a
    positive impact on business
  • Competitive intelligence
  • Limited to information about competitors and the
    ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics,
    and operations
  • Counterintelligence
  • Steps an organization takes to protect
    information sought by hostile intelligence
    gatherers

26
Distributed Databases
  • Data may be spread across several smaller
    databases connected via telecommunications
    devices
  • Give corporations and other organizations more
    flexibility in how databases are organized and
    used
  • Replicated database
  • Holds a duplicate set of frequently used data

27
(No Transcript)
28
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
  • Software that allows users to explore data from a
    number of perspectives
  • Provides top-down, query-driven data analysis
  • Requires repetitive testing of user originated
    theories

29
(No Transcript)
30
Object-Relational Database Management Systems
  • Object-oriented database
  • Database that stores both data and its processing
    instructions
  • Object-oriented database management system
    (OODBMS)
  • Programs that manipulate an object-oriented
    database and provide a user interface and
    connections to other application programs
  • Object-relational database management system
    (ORDBMS)
  • Capable of manipulating audio, video, and
    graphical data

31
Visual, Audio, and Other Database Systems
  • Virtual database systems
  • Allow different databases to work together as a
    unified database system
  • Spatial data technology
  • Use of a database to store and access data
    according to the locations it describes

32
Summary
  • Data
  • Organized into a hierarchy that builds from the
    smallest element to the largest
  • Traditional file-oriented applications
  • Often characterized by program-data dependence
  • Data model
  • Map or diagram of entities and their
    relationships
  • DBMS
  • Group of programs used as an interface between a
    database and its users and other applications

33
Summary (continued)
  • After a DBMS has been installed
  • It can be accessed, modified, and queried via a
    data manipulation language
  • Data warehouse
  • Relational database management systems
    specifically designed to support management
    decision making
  • Business intelligence
  • Getting enough of the right information in a
    timely manner and usable form
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com