Title: Industrial Revolution
1Industrial Revolution
- Henry Ford and
- The Model T Car
2Impact of Technology
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ci/engin/design/techcars/index.html
3Industrial Revolution Inventors
Person Invention Date
James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775
Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable Parts for Muskets 1793, 1798
Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat Service on the Hudson River 1807
Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836
Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844
Isaac Singer Improves and Markets Howe's Sewing Machine 1851
Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866
Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876
Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescent Light Bulb 1877, 1879
Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888
Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892
Orville and Wilbur Wright First Airplane 1903
Henry Ford Model T Ford, Assembly Line 1908, 1913
4Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great
Britain in the 1700s, brought about huge changes
in manufacturing.
- Manufacturing Concepts
- Interchangeable Parts
- Assembly Line
- Industrialization
5Interchangeable Parts
- Manufacturing Concepts
- Interchangeable Parts
- Assembly Line
- Industrialization
- Eli Whitney developed a process for manufacturing
muskets (early rifles), which involved producing
parts to precise standards. In theory, all parts
of the same type are virtually identical to one
another so one part could be used in any musket
and still function properly. - Henry Ford utilized this concept to manufacture
cars faster resulting in the lowest cost car of
the time. - Today, standardization is universal in
manufacturing. Precision measuring systems
specifications and tolerances are enforced to
ensure parts are produced to meet standards.
6Assembly Line
- Manufacturing Concepts
- Interchangeable Parts
- Assembly Line
- Industrialization
First assembly lines had no conveyers.
- The Assembly Line allows each worker to complete
a specific task. As a task is completed the
partially assembled automobile is moved down the
line to the next worker, who performed another
task. - Assigning workers specialized tasks and moving
the evolving product from worker to worker was a
very efficient system. Assembly lines are widely
used today, not only for automobiles but also for
many types of products.
7Division of Labor in Industry
Assembly lines double the output.
8Industrialization
- Manufacturing Concepts
- Interchangeable Parts
- Assembly Line
- Industrialization
- Powered machines began to replace manual human
labor for many tasks. James Watts steam engine
provided the power to energize the machines.
Later, the development of electrical power
generation provided a superior energy source for
industrial machines. - Henry Ford used steam and electrical power to
move parts and cars down the assembly line.
9Henry Ford1863-1947
Henry Ford did not invent the automobile. He
revolutionized the production of the automobile.
- In 1893, the automobile was still a novelty item
of the rich or do-it-yourself engineers. - In 1899 cars were built one at a time.
- Ford incorporated ideas from other industries
- Interchangeable parts as Eli Whitney had used
with gun manufacturing and - Assembly line methods George Eastman introduced
in photo processing . - Ford met resistance to his ideas for mass
production of a car the average worker could
afford. - In 1908, he began production of the Model T.
- Ford gradually improved the production line until
in 1913, his plant incorporated the first moving
assembly line. - Before Ford stopped making the Model T in 1927,
15 million had been sold, and Ford had become the
leading auto manufacturer in the country. - In addition to the moving assembly line, Ford
revolutionized the auto industry by increasing
the pay and decreasing the hours of his
employees.
10Model T Fords
Early Models the Brass Cars1908 1916 Various
Colors until 1913
11Model T Fords
Later Models Any Color You Want, As Long As It
Is Black1917-1927
12Display Car
- 1925 Model T Tudor (two door)
- Car is 82 years old
- 20 Horsepower 4 cylinder engine
- Original Purchase Price - 580
- Prices of Other Models
- Touring - 290
- Runabout - 260
- Fordor (four door) - 660
- Only 3 owners since 1925
- Original Owner in Illinois and loaned to a museum
- Purchased by man in Kentucky - 2002
- I purchased in 2007
13Model T Ford
- 1907 Ford Motor Company Goal to create "a motor
car for everyone." At that time, automobiles
were expensive, custom-made machines. - The Model T, a simple, sturdy car, offering no
factory options -- not even a choice of color. - The Model T, first produced in 1908, kept the
same design until the last one -- number
15,000,000 -- rolled off the line in 1927. - From the start, the Model T was less expensive
than most other cars, - Ford realized he'd need a more efficient way to
produce the car in order to lower the price. He
and his team looked at other industries and found
four principles that would further their goal
interchangeable parts, continuous flow, division
of labor, and reducing wasted effort. - Interchangeable parts meant making the individual
pieces of the car the same every time. - To improve the flow of the work, it needed to be
arranged so that as one task was finished,
another began, with minimum time spent in set-up.
- Divided the labor by breaking the assembly of the
Model T into 84 distinct steps. Each worker was
trained to do just one of these steps along the
assembly line. - Time and motion studies were used to determine
the exact speed at which the work should be
preformed - In 1913, Ford built the first moving assembly
line ever used for large-scale manufacturing. - Producing cars at a high rate resulted in lower
costs and therefore a lower sale price. - Ford's manufacturing principles were adopted by
countless other industries. Henry Ford went
beyond his 1907 goal of making cars affordable
for all he changed the habits of a nation and
shaped its very character.
14Henry Ford Interesting Facts
- In 1914 Henry Ford doubled the wages of factory
workers from 2.50 to 5.00 per 8 hour work day. - Early in 1941 Ford was granted government
contracts. Initially he was to manufacture parts
for bombers and later the entire airplane. By the
end of World War II (1945) his plant had
manufactured more than 8000 planes. - Ford died in 1947 leaving a personal fortune
estimated at 500 to 700 million. - Henry Ford had a long time interest in plastics
developed from soybeans. - Almost 50 years before a single McDonald's
hamburger was sold, Ford invented the
dealer-franchise system to sell and service cars.
He knew that business had to be local. Ford's
"road men" became a familiar part of the American
landscape. By 1912 there were 7,000 Ford dealers
across the country. - Ford was instrumental in developing charcoal
briquettes, under the brand name Ford Charcoal.
Along with his brother in law E.G. Kingsford they
used wood scraps from the Ford factory to make
the briquettes, The company name was later
changed to Kingsford. - By 1921, Ford Motor Co. dominated auto production
with 55 percent of the industry's total output. - The Ford Motor Company was one of only forty-four
U.S. automakers left in 1929 of the hundreds that
had entered the fray since the beginning of the
century. That year, Ford, General Motors, and the
newly formed Chrysler Corporation -- known then
and now as the Big Three -- accounted for 80
percent of the market. - Patent 747,909 was the number issued December
22, 1903 for motor-vehicles.