Product Life Cycles and Sustainability

1
Product Life Cycles and Sustainability
34
34
2
2
14
14
-2s
-3s
-1s
2s
3s
m
1s
2
Product Life Cycles

• Concept
• Design
• Manufacture
• Shipment and Installation
• Warranty Period
• Useful Life
• Failure and Repair
• Disposal

3
Product Life Cycles

• Concept
• Design
• Manufacture
• Shipment and Installation
• Warranty Period
• Useful Life
• Failure, Service Repair
• Disposal

Traditional Design Eng Focus
Traditional Mfg Eng Focus
4
Product Life Cycles

• Concept
• Design
• Manufacture
• Shipment and Installation
• Warranty Period
• Useful Life
• Failure, Service Repair
• Disposal

Traditional Design Eng Focus
Traditional Mfg Eng Focus
Life Cycle Product Focus
5
Customer Labeling User Manual

• Product Specifications
• List Product Level Capabilities (Requirements)
• Standard Requirements
• Performance Requirements
• Environmental incl Temperature, Humidity, etc
• Mechanical Dimensions, Mass, Shock, etc
• Control Inputs
• Outputs including Displays
• Interfaces including precise definition of
  connectors, signals
• Complete Description of Operating Modes
• Button or Menu Sequences for Clarity

6
User Manual

• Safety and Regulatory Certifications
• UL Safety Standards
• IEC and CISPR EMC Standards
• User Warnings
• Limitations of Product by Demographics,
  Geographics
• Cautions and Warnings
• Compatibilities or Incompatibilities
• Specific Label Applications or Misapplications
• Safety Rules

7
User Manual

• Operation ..How do you use the product?
• Step Method (used for simple products)
• Step 1, Step 2, . etc
• Menu Method
• Show how to move to any given mode
• When in mode, show all user screens or displays
• Show/Describe all Possible User Inputs
• Describe all Possible Outputs/Displays user may
  see

8
User Manual

• Maintenance
• Specified for a period of calander time,
  operational time or number cyclic operations
• Describes what is to be calibrated, checked,
  replaced, etc
• Test Procedures, Calibration Procedures,
  Replacement Procedures
• Typical Replacements Include
• Batteries
• Sensors
• Filters
• Mechanical Wearout Components such as drive
  belts, pulleys, etc
• Manual Section should show pictoral and textual
  replacment steps
• Manual should indicate who should perform the
  maintenance (authorization, training level, etc)
• Relationship to product warranty

9
User Manual

• Service
• Specified for repairs above and beyond normal
  maintenance
• Service Strategies Include (Select 1 or more)
• Field Repair by User
• Requires service manual and replacement part
  depictions
• Requires a concise list of replacement parts and
  procurement
• Specialized Service Center
• Requires specific replacement parts list
• Specific testing equipment and skills
• Factory Repair or Replacement
• Still Requires replacement parts list
  documentation
• Requires repair process chart (mimics mfg test
  processes)
• Assembly/Dissassembly
• Default-Disposal
• Requires disposal strategy, No repair strategy
• Must identify specific disposal procedures for
  ALL batteries

10
User Manual

• Warranty
• Specified for a period of time or number of
  operations
• Must specify how to exercise the warranty
• Teams should show (in ppt slide) relationship
  between warranty period and reliability
  calculations
• Reliability analysis yields MTBF
• MTBF under simplified conditions indicates when
  63 of population has failed
• In genral, Warranty Period ltlt MTBF

11
User Manual

• Other Sections/Elements
• Digital Pictures
• Ideal for Describing User Controls
• Assembly/Dissassembly, Exploded Views
• Correct operational waveforms
• Common Troubleshooting
• Problem/Symptom
• Cause
• Corrective Action

12
Sustainability Aspects Obsolescence

• Standardized Industry Life Cycle Definition
• Standardized Statistical Prediction Tool
• Component Life Parameters, u, s
• For any given part you must consider
• Part Type and Functionality
• Manufacturer(s) and number of sources
• Part Technology and Process
• Part Package

13
Sustainability 6 Std Component Life Cycle Phases
Rate of Production

• Mean (Max) Sales of Unit Components per Unit
  Time
• s One Standard Deviation in Production/Time or
  Sales/Time

14
Life Cycle of a Component

• Special Histogram of Production as Measure by
  Component Sales/Time ( shipped/time)
• Concept Assumes Component Sales follow
  monotonically increasing to peak, then
  monotonically decreasing to obsolescence
• Life Cycle is Measured Relative to Peak of Sales
• /- 1s from Peak Mature Product
• -1s to 2s from Peak Growth Product
• -2s to 3s from Peak Introductory Product
• 1s to 2s from Peak Declining Product
• 2s to 3s from Peak Phase Out Product
• 3s and higher from Peak Obsolete Product
• Limitations of Product by Demographics,
  Geographics
• Cautions and Warnings
• Compatibilities or Incompatibilities
• Specific Label Applications or Misapplications
• Safety Rules

15
Life Cycle of a Component
Recall Area under curve Percent Probability
34
34
2
2
14
14
-2s
-3s
2s
3s
-1s
m
1s
Characterized by Two Parameters
m and s2
Normal Distribution N( m,s2 )
16
Life Cycle of a Component
Standard Normal Distribution
Apply Transformation
Standard Normal Distribution
Original Distribution
x-m
Z
Area under Curve 1
s
m-s m ms
-1 0 1 Z
X
Examples
Z 1.0 is one Standard Deviations above the
mean Z -0.5 is 0.5 Standard Deviations below
the mean
17
1 Sided Normal Distribution
Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.00 5.00e-001 4.96e-001 4.92e-001 4.88e-001 4.
84e-001 4.80e-001 4.76e-001 4.72e-001 4.68e-001 4.
64e-001 0.10 4.60e-001 4.56e-001 4.52e-001 4.48e-0
01 4.44e-001 4.40e-001 4.36e-001 4.33e-001 4.29e-0
01 4.25e-001 0.20 4.21e-001 4.17e-001 4.13e-001 4.
09e-001 4.05e-001 4.01e-001 3.97e-001 3.94e-001 3.
90e-001 3.86e-001 0.30 3.82e-001 3.78e-001 3.74e-0
01 3.71e-001 3.67e-001 3.63e-001 3.59e-001 3.56e-0
01 3.52e-001 3.48e-001 0.40 3.45e-001 3.41e-001 3.
37e-001 3.34e-001 3.30e-001 3.26e-001 3.23e-001 3.
19e-001 3.16e-001 3.12e-001 0.50 3.09e-001 3.05e-0
01 3.02e-001 2.98e-001 2.95e-001 2.91e-001 2.88e-0
01 2.84e-001 2.81e-001 2.78e-001 0.60 2.74e-001 2.
71e-001 2.68e-001 2.64e-001 2.61e-001 2.58e-001 2.
55e-001 2.51e-001 2.48e-001 2.45e-001 0.70 2.42e-0
01 2.39e-001 2.36e-001 2.33e-001 2.30e-001 2.27e-0
01 2.24e-001 2.21e-001 2.18e-001 2.15e-001 0.80 2.
12e-001 2.09e-001 2.06e-001 2.03e-001 2.00e-001 1.
98e-001 1.95e-001 1.92e-001 1.89e-001 1.87e-001 0.
90 1.84e-001 1.81e-001 1.79e-001 1.76e-001 1.74e-0
01 1.71e-001 1.69e-001 1.66e-001 1.64e-001 1.61e-0
01 1.00 1.59e-001 1.56e-001 1.54e-001 1.52e-001 1
.49e-001 1.47e-001 1.45e-001 1.42e-001 1.40e-001 1
.38e-001 1.10 1.36e-001 1.33e-001 1.31e-001 1.29e-
001 1.27e-001 1.25e-001 1.23e-001 1.21e-001 1.19e-
001 1.17e-001 1.20 1.15e-001 1.13e-001 1.11e-001 1
.09e-001 1.07e-001 1.06e-001 1.04e-001 1.02e-001 1
.00e-001 9.85e-002 1.30 9.68e-002 9.51e-002 9.34e-
002 9.18e-002 9.01e-002 8.85e-002 8.69e-002 8.53e-
002 8.38e-002 8.23e-002 1.40 8.08e-002 7.93e-002 7
.78e-002 7.64e-002 7.49e-002 7.35e-002 7.21e-002 7
.08e-002 6.94e-002 6.81e-002 1.50 6.68e-002 6.55e-
002 6.43e-002 6.30e-002 6.18e-002 6.06e-002 5.94e-
002 5.82e-002 5.71e-002 5.59e-002 1.60 5.48e-002 5
.37e-002 5.26e-002 5.16e-002 5.05e-002 4.95e-002 4
.85e-002 4.75e-002 4.65e-002 4.55e-002 1.70 4.46e-
002 4.36e-002 4.27e-002 4.18e-002 4.09e-002 4.01e-
002 3.92e-002 3.84e-002 3.75e-002 3.67e-002 1.80 3
.59e-002 3.51e-002 3.44e-002 3.36e-002 3.29e-002 3
.22e-002 3.14e-002 3.07e-002 3.01e-002 2.94e-002 1
.90 2.87e-002 2.81e-002 2.74e-002 2.68e-002 2.62e-
002 2.56e-002 2.50e-002 2.44e-002 2.39e-002 2.33e-
002 2.00 2.28e-002 2.22e-002 2.17e-002 2.12e-002
2.07e-002 2.02e-002 1.97e-002 1.92e-002 1.88e-002
1.83e-002 2.10 1.79e-002 1.74e-002 1.70e-002 1.66e
-002 1.62e-002 1.58e-002 1.54e-002 1.50e-002 1.46e
-002 1.43e-002 2.20 1.39e-002 1.36e-002 1.32e-002
1.29e-002 1.25e-002 1.22e-002 1.19e-002 1.16e-002
1.13e-002 1.10e-002 2.30 1.07e-002 1.04e-002 1.02e
-002 9.90e-003 9.64e-003 9.39e-003 9.14e-003 8.89e
-003 8.66e-003 8.42e-003 2.40 8.20e-003 7.98e-003
7.76e-003 7.55e-003 7.34e-003 7.14e-003 6.95e-003
6.76e-003 6.57e-003 6.39e-003 2.50 6.21e-003 6.04e
-003 5.87e-003 5.70e-003 5.54e-003 5.39e-003 5.23e
-003 5.08e-003 4.94e-003 4.80e-003 2.60 4.66e-003
4.53e-003 4.40e-003 4.27e-003 4.15e-003 4.02e-003
3.91e-003 3.79e-003 3.68e-003 3.57e-003 2.70 3.47e
-003 3.36e-003 3.26e-003 3.17e-003 3.07e-003 2.98e
-003 2.89e-003 2.80e-003 2.72e-003 2.64e-003 2.80
2.56e-003 2.48e-003 2.40e-003 2.33e-003 2.26e-003
2.19e-003 2.12e-003 2.05e-003 1.99e-003 1.93e-003
2.90 1.87e-003 1.81e-003 1.75e-003 1.69e-003 1.64e
-003 1.59e-003 1.54e-003 1.49e-003 1.44e-003 1.39e
-003 3.00 1.35e-003 1.31e-003 1.26e-003 1.22e-003
1.18e-003 1.14e-003 1.11e-003 1.07e-003 1.04e-003
1.00e-003 3.10 9.68e-004 9.35e-004 9.04e-004 8.74
e-004 8.45e-004 8.16e-004 7.89e-004 7.62e-004 7.36
e-004 7.11e-004 3.20 6.87e-004 6.64e-004 6.41e-004
6.19e-004 5.98e-004 5.77e-004 5.57e-004 5.38e-004
5.19e-004 5.01e-004 3.30 4.83e-004 4.66e-004 4.50
e-004 4.34e-004 4.19e-004 4.04e-004 3.90e-004 3.76
e-004 3.62e-004 3.49e-004 3.40 3.37e-004 3.25e-004
3.13e-004 3.02e-004 2.91e-004 2.80e-004 2.70e-004
2.60e-004 2.51e-004 2.42e-004 3.50 2.33e-004 2.24
e-004 2.16e-004 2.08e-004 2.00e-004 1.93e-004 1.85
e-004 1.78e-004 1.72e-004 1.65e-004 3.60 1.59e-004
1.53e-004 1.47e-004 1.42e-004 1.36e-004 1.31e-004
1.26e-004 1.21e-004 1.17e-004 1.12e-004 3.70 1.08
e-004 1.04e-004 9.96e-005 9.57e-005 9.20e-005 8.84
e-005 8.50e-005 8.16e-005 7.84e-005 7.53e-005 3.80
7.23e-005 6.95e-005 6.67e-005 6.41e-005 6.15e-005
5.91e-005 5.67e-005 5.44e-005 5.22e-005 5.01e-005
3.90 4.81e-005 4.61e-005 4.43e-005 4.25e-005 4.07
e-005 3.91e-005 3.75e-005 3.59e-005 3.45e-005 3.30
e-005 4.00 3.17e-005 3.04e-005 2.91e-005 2.79e-00
5 2.67e-005 2.56e-005 2.45e-005 2.35e-005 2.25e-00
5 2.16e-005 4.10 2.07e-005 1.98e-005 1.89e-005 1.8
1e-005 1.74e-005 1.66e-005 1.59e-005 1.52e-005 1.4
6e-005 1.39e-005 4.20 1.33e-005 1.28e-005 1.22e-00
5 1.17e-005 1.12e-005 1.07e-005 1.02e-005 9.77e-00
6 9.34e-006 8.93e-006 4.30 8.54e-006 8.16e-006 7.8
0e-006 7.46e-006 7.12e-006 6.81e-006 6.50e-006 6.2
1e-006 5.93e-006 5.67e-006 4.40 5.41e-006 5.17e-00
6 4.94e-006 4.71e-006 4.50e-006 4.29e-006 4.10e-00
6 3.91e-006 3.73e-006 3.56e-006 4.50 3.40e-006 3.2
4e-006 3.09e-006 2.95e-006 2.81e-006 2.68e-006 2.5
6e-006 2.44e-006 2.32e-006 2.22e-006 4.60 2.11e-00
6 2.01e-006 1.92e-006 1.83e-006 1.74e-006 1.66e-00
6 1.58e-006 1.51e-006 1.43e-006 1.37e-006 4.70 1.3
0e-006 1.24e-006 1.18e-006 1.12e-006 1.07e-006 1.0
2e-006 9.68e-007 9.21e-007 8.76e-007 8.34e-007 4.8
0 7.93e-007 7.55e-007 7.18e-007 6.83e-007 6.49e-00
7 6.17e-007 5.87e-007 5.58e-007 5.30e-007 5.04e-00
7 4.90 4.79e-007 4.55e-007 4.33e-007 4.11e-007 3.9
1e-007 3.71e-007 3.52e-007 3.35e-007 3.18e-007 3.0
2e-007
18
Normal Distribution (cont.)
Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
5.00 2.87e-007 2.72e-007 2.58e-007 2.45e-007 2.
33e-007 2.21e-007 2.10e-007 1.99e-007 1.89e-007 1.
79e-007 5.10 1.70e-007 1.61e-007 1.53e-007 1.45e-0
07 1.37e-007 1.30e-007 1.23e-007 1.17e-007 1.11e-0
07 1.05e-007 5.20 9.96e-008 9.44e-008 8.95e-008 8.
48e-008 8.03e-008 7.60e-008 7.20e-008 6.82e-008 6.
46e-008 6.12e-008 5.30 5.79e-008 5.48e-008 5.19e-0
08 4.91e-008 4.65e-008 4.40e-008 4.16e-008 3.94e-0
08 3.72e-008 3.52e-008 5.40 3.33e-008 3.15e-008 2.
98e-008 2.82e-008 2.66e-008 2.52e-008 2.38e-008 2.
25e-008 2.13e-008 2.01e-008 5.50 1.90e-008 1.79e-0
08 1.69e-008 1.60e-008 1.51e-008 1.43e-008 1.35e-0
08 1.27e-008 1.20e-008 1.14e-008 5.60 1.07e-008 1.
01e-008 9.55e-009 9.01e-009 8.50e-009 8.02e-009 7.
57e-009 7.14e-009 6.73e-009 6.35e-009 5.70 5.99e-0
09 5.65e-009 5.33e-009 5.02e-009 4.73e-009 4.46e-0
09 4.21e-009 3.96e-009 3.74e-009 3.52e-009 5.80 3.
32e-009 3.12e-009 2.94e-009 2.77e-009 2.61e-009 2.
46e-009 2.31e-009 2.18e-009 2.05e-009 1.93e-009 5.
90 1.82e-009 1.71e-009 1.61e-009 1.51e-009 1.43e-0
09 1.34e-009 1.26e-009 1.19e-009 1.12e-009 1.05e-0
09 6.00 9.87e-010 9.28e-010 8.72e-010 8.20e-010 7
.71e-010 7.24e-010 6.81e-010 6.40e-010 6.01e-010 5
.65e-010 6.10 5.30e-010 4.98e-010 4.68e-010 4.39e-
010 4.13e-010 3.87e-010 3.64e-010 3.41e-010 3.21e-
010 3.01e-010 6.20 2.82e-010 2.65e-010 2.49e-010 2
.33e-010 2.19e-010 2.05e-010 1.92e-010 1.81e-010 1
.69e-010 1.59e-010 6.30 1.49e-010 1.40e-010 1.31e-
010 1.23e-010 1.15e-010 1.08e-010 1.01e-010 9.45e-
011 8.85e-011 8.29e-011 6.40 7.77e-011 7.28e-011 6
.81e-011 6.38e-011 5.97e-011 5.59e-011 5.24e-011 4
.90e-011 4.59e-011 4.29e-011 6.50 4.02e-011 3.76e-
011 3.52e-011 3.29e-011 3.08e-011 2.88e-011 2.69e-
011 2.52e-011 2.35e-011 2.20e-011 6.60 2.06e-011 1
.92e-011 1.80e-011 1.68e-011 1.57e-011 1.47e-011 1
.37e-011 1.28e-011 1.19e-011 1.12e-011 6.70 1.04e-
011 9.73e-012 9.09e-012 8.48e-012 7.92e-012 7.39e-
012 6.90e-012 6.44e-012 6.01e-012 5.61e-012 6.80 5
.23e-012 4.88e-012 4.55e-012 4.25e-012 3.96e-012 3
.69e-012 3.44e-012 3.21e-012 2.99e-012 2.79e-012 6
.90 2.60e-012 2.42e-012 2.26e-012 2.10e-012 1.96e-
012 1.83e-012 1.70e-012 1.58e-012 1.48e-012 1.37e-
012 7.00 1.28e-012 1.19e-012 1.11e-012 1.03e-012
9.61e-013 8.95e-013 8.33e-013 7.75e-013 7.21e-013
6.71e-013 7.10 6.24e-013 5.80e-013 5.40e-013 5.02e
-013 4.67e-013 4.34e-013 4.03e-013 3.75e-013 3.49e
-013 3.24e-013 7.20 3.01e-013 2.80e-013 2.60e-013
2.41e-013 2.24e-013 2.08e-013 1.94e-013 1.80e-013
1.67e-013 1.55e-013 7.30 1.44e-013 1.34e-013 1.24e
-013 1.15e-013 1.07e-013 9.91e-014 9.20e-014 8.53e
-014 7.91e-014 7.34e-014 7.40 6.81e-014 6.31e-014
5.86e-014 5.43e-014 5.03e-014 4.67e-014 4.33e-014
4.01e-014 3.72e-014 3.44e-014 7.50 3.19e-014 2.96e
-014 2.74e-014 2.54e-014 2.35e-014 2.18e-014 2.02e
-014 1.87e-014 1.73e-014 1.60e-014 7.60 1.48e-014
1.37e-014 1.27e-014 1.17e-014 1.09e-014 1.00e-014
9.30e-015 8.60e-015 7.95e-015 7.36e-015 7.70 6.80e
-015 6.29e-015 5.82e-015 5.38e-015 4.97e-015 4.59e
-015 4.25e-015 3.92e-015 3.63e-015 3.35e-015 7.80
3.10e-015 2.86e-015 2.64e-015 2.44e-015 2.25e-015
2.08e-015 1.92e-015 1.77e-015 1.64e-015 1.51e-015
7.90 1.39e-015 1.29e-015 1.19e-015 1.10e-015 1.01e
-015 9.33e-016 8.60e-016 7.93e-016 7.32e-016 6.75e
-016 8.00 6.22e-016 5.74e-016 5.29e-016 4.87e-016
4.49e-016 4.14e-016 3.81e-016 3.51e-016 3.24e-016
2.98e-016 8.10 2.75e-016 2.53e-016 2.33e-016 2.15
e-016 1.98e-016 1.82e-016 1.68e-016 1.54e-016 1.42
e-016 1.31e-016 8.20 1.20e-016 1.11e-016 1.02e-016
9.36e-017 8.61e-017 7.92e-017 7.28e-017 6.70e-017
6.16e-017 5.66e-017 8.30 5.21e-017 4.79e-017 4.40
e-017 4.04e-017 3.71e-017 3.41e-017 3.14e-017 2.88
e-017 2.65e-017 2.43e-017 8.40 2.23e-017 2.05e-017
1.88e-017 1.73e-017 1.59e-017 1.46e-017 1.34e-017
1.23e-017 1.13e-017 1.03e-017 8.50 9.48e-018 8.70
e-018 7.98e-018 7.32e-018 6.71e-018 6.15e-018 5.64
e-018 5.17e-018 4.74e-018 4.35e-018 8.60 3.99e-018
3.65e-018 3.35e-018 3.07e-018 2.81e-018 2.57e-018
2.36e-018 2.16e-018 1.98e-018 1.81e-018 8.70 1.66
e-018 1.52e-018 1.39e-018 1.27e-018 1.17e-018 1.07
e-018 9.76e-019 8.93e-019 8.17e-019 7.48e-019 8.80
6.84e-019 6.26e-019 5.72e-019 5.23e-019 4.79e-019
4.38e-019 4.00e-019 3.66e-019 3.34e-019 3.06e-019
8.90 2.79e-019 2.55e-019 2.33e-019 2.13e-019 1.95
e-019 1.78e-019 1.62e-019 1.48e-019 1.35e-019 1.24
e-019 9.00 1.13e-019 1.03e-019 9.40e-020 8.58e-02
0 7.83e-020 7.15e-020 6.52e-020 5.95e-020 5.43e-02
0 4.95e-020 9.10 4.52e-020 4.12e-020 3.76e-020 3.4
2e-020 3.12e-020 2.85e-020 2.59e-020 2.37e-020 2.1
6e-020 1.96e-020 9.20 1.79e-020 1.63e-020 1.49e-02
0 1.35e-020 1.23e-020 1.12e-020 1.02e-020 9.31e-02
1 8.47e-021 7.71e-021 9.30 7.02e-021 6.39e-021 5.8
2e-021 5.29e-021 4.82e-021 4.38e-021 3.99e-021 3.6
3e-021 3.30e-021 3.00e-021 9.40 2.73e-021 2.48e-02
1 2.26e-021 2.05e-021 1.86e-021 1.69e-021 1.54e-02
1 1.40e-021 1.27e-021 1.16e-021 9.50 1.05e-021 9.5
3e-022 8.66e-022 7.86e-022 7.14e-022 6.48e-022 5.8
9e-022 5.35e-022 4.85e-022 4.40e-022 9.60 4.00e-02
2 3.63e-022 3.29e-022 2.99e-022 2.71e-022 2.46e-02
2 2.23e-022 2.02e-022 1.83e-022 1.66e-022 9.70 1.5
1e-022 1.37e-022 1.24e-022 1.12e-022 1.02e-022 9.2
2e-023 8.36e-023 7.57e-023 6.86e-023 6.21e-023 9.8
0 5.63e-023 5.10e-023 4.62e-023 4.18e-023 3.79e-02
3 3.43e-023 3.10e-023 2.81e-023 2.54e-023 2.30e-02
3 9.90 2.08e-023 1.88e-023 1.70e-023 1.54e-023 1.3
9e-023 1.26e-023 1.14e-023 1.03e-023 9.32e-024 8.4
3e-024 10.00 7.62e-024 6.89e-024 6.23e-024 5.63e-
024 5.08e-024 4.59e-024 4.15e-024 3.75e-024 3.39e-
024 3.06e-024
19
Sustainability Life Cycle of Common Analog ICs
20
Sustainability Life Cycles of Digital/Analog IC
Processes
21
Sustainability Life Cycles of IC Process
Voltages
2000
2010
2020
1980
1990
22
Sustainability Life Cycle Phases of IC Packages
23
Sustainability Discrete RC, SMT Package Outlook
Decreasing Power Rating
Dominant Package by Year
24
Sustainability Aspects Obsolescence

• For each applicable component in your block BOM,
  perform a variance analysis
• 1st Consider the part type Find the u(2.5)s,
  u(3.5)s dates
• 2nd Consider any applicable attributes
• 3rd For each attribute find the u(2.5)s,
  u(3.5)s dates
• Find the worst case u(2.5)s, u(3.5)s dates
• Use u, s in years
• 2s to 3s from Peak Phase Out Product
• 3s and higher from Peak Obsolete Product
• Create a separate BOM table of obsolescence
  analysis with above data
• ID all parts above the 2.5s, Separately ID all
  above 3.5s
• Formulate Corrective Actions or Risk Mitigations
• Note If you have a component that does not fit
  any category, ignore it for this analysis

25
Sustainability Aspects Appendix
Component Life Cycle Data Table
Component Type u s Applicable Attributes Notes
Amplifier 2004.5 8.3 Technology, Package
Comparator 2003.0 11.1 Technology, Package, Voltage
Voltage Regulator or Reference 2004.0 6.5 Technology, Package
A/D or D/A Converter 2001.5 7.8 Technology, Package, Voltage
Interface 2002 8.1 Technology, Package, Voltage
Specialty, Consumer 2001.5 7.8 Technology, Package, Voltage
8 Bit Microprocessor 1990.5 9.2 Technology, Package, Voltage
16/32 Bit Microprocessor 1994.5 7.0 Technology, Package, Voltage
Memory X4 5.0 Technology, Package, Voltage X DOI
PLD X6 6.0 Technology, Package, Voltage X DOI
Carbon Resistor 1980 8.5 None
Metal Film Resistor 1990 12.0 None
Ceramic Capacitor 1980 14.0 None
Other R, L, Cs 1985 10.0 None
Battery, Power Plug (AC-DC) or Transformer X6 6.0 None X DOI
Speaker, Mic, Display, Camera, or Sensor X4 6.0 None X DOI

• DOI Date of First Introduction to Market
• Note Based on actual data but ALL numbers may
  not be realistic

26
Sustainability Aspects Appendix
Component Life Cycle Attribute Data Table
Process Technology u s Comments
Bipolar 1975.0 12.5
NMOS 1986.0 8.0
PMOS 1968.0 8.5
CMOS 2010.0 12.5
BiCMOS 1997.0 4.0
Package u s Comments
DIP Dual Inline Package 1987.0 7.8 Thru Hole
SOP Small Outline Package 1995.0 6.5 1st Gen SMT
CC Leadless Chip Carrier 1996.5 4.5 2nd Gen SMT
PGA Pin Grid Array 1997.1 4.5
QFP Quad Flat Pack 1998.5 4.2
MCM Multichip Module, All Other 1999.0 5.6
Process Voltage u s Comments
5V and Above 1992.5 5.3
3.6V 1997.0 4.2
3.0V, 3.3V 1998.5 4.5
2.5V 2004.0 3.6
1.8V 2007.0 3.2
27
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Restrictions on Hazardous Substances
(RoHS)
European Community Directives 2002/95/EC
2002/96/EC Will impact global electronics
industry (incl USA)
28
WEEE
Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment

• Producers must take back waste electronic
  equipment from collection points
• Financing
• Producers/Importers are responsible for financing
  and treatment of waste equipment from private
  households (which includes most small businesses)
• Product sales can show a visible fee for up to 10
  years
• Producers and users others than private
  households may conclude agreements stipulating
  other financing methods
• Products have to be marked with the brand of the
  producer, recycling symbol date
• Producers must provide specific disassembly
  information for treatment facilities
• Targets are set in the directive for reuse,
  recovery and recycling (ex. Medical)
• Producers/Importers have to be registered with
  local systems
• Member states have to report on the targets so
  record keeping required

Labeling Must Include the WEEE Symbol and
Guidance Info
Date of manufacture month / year
Typical Guidance Statement for Industrial
Equipment
29
WEEE Regulated Materials and Devices

• 1) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) containing
  capacitors in accordance with Council Directive
  96/59/EC of 16 September 1996 on the disposal of
  polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated
  terphenyls (PCB/PCT) (1).
• 2) Mercury containing components, such as
  switches or backlighting lamps,
• 3) Batteries Including,
• Lithium batteries
• Alkali-Manganese batteries
• Dry cell batteries
• Nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries
• Lead rechargeable batteries
• Silver round cell batteries
• 4) Printed circuit boards of mobile phones
  generally, and of other devices if the surface of
  the printed circuit board is greater than 10
  square centimeters.
• 5) Toner cartridges, liquid and pasty, as well as
  color toner.
• 6) Plastic containing brominated flame
  retardants.
• 7) Asbestos waste and components which contain
  asbestos.

30
WEEE Regulated Materials and Devices

• 8) Cathode ray tubes
• 9) Refrigerant including chlorofluorocarbons,
  hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons
  hydrocarbons
• 10) Gas discharge lamps such as halogen, neon,
  xenon, etc
• 11) Liquid crystal displays (together with
  their casing where appropriate) of a surface
  greater than 100 square centimeters and all those
  back-lighted with gas discharge lamps
• 12) External electric cables
• 13) Components containing refractory ceramic
  fibers as described in Commission Directive
  97/69/EC of 5 December 1997 adapting to technical
  progress Council Directive 67/548/EEC relating to
  the classification, packaging and labeling of
  dangerous substances (2).
• 14) Components containing radioactive
  substances (except components below exemption
  thresholds set in Art. 3 of and Annex I to
  Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying
  down basic safety standards for the protection of
  the health of workers and the general public
  against the dangers arising from ionizing
  radiation (3)) .
• 15) Electrolytic capacitors containing
  substances of concern (height gt 25 mm, diameter gt
  25 mm or proportionately similar volume) .

31
WEEE Implementation Difficulties

• Member States can expand the equipment list
• Producers will be accountable for records of
  annual mass of each restricted substance shipped
  into each EC country
• But conflicts among accounting firms on how to
  reserve for WEEE obligations, some countries may
  charge up-front
• Firms may have to pay into a deposit system
• and reserve for a contingent liability
• Some European wide associations being formed to
  manage WEEE
• But member states have strong incentive to keep
  all waste in their system to maximize fee income
• Definition of producer is problematic
• What happens if distributors ship equipment from
  one member state to another? Who is responsible
  as the producer?

32
WEEE requires special identification of waste for
recycling or special handling Example Agfa
Copier (Operator Manual)
33
ROHS
Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of
certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (ROHS)

• Requirements
• Covered Equipment put on the market after July 1,
  2006 is not allowed to contain
• Lead
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Hexavalent Chromium (used mostly for corrosion
  protection)
• Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) or
• Polybrominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (flame
  retardants)
• Limited, but critical exemptions (medical devices
  for example)

34
2009 Medical Devices
2006 Products/Industries

• DI Products (X-Ray, MR, CT, etc.)
• Patient Monitoring
• EKG, Lab Eq, Dialysis

• Large household appliances
• Small household appliance
• IT and telecommunications equipment
• Consumer equipment
• Lighting equipment
• Electrical and electronic tools
• Toys, leisure and sports equipment
• Automatic dispensers

Device Exemptions Expected to End Jul 1 09
35
Pb Free Replacement Solder Properties
200-220
V. Solberg, "No-Lead Solder for CSP The Impact
of Higher Temperature SMT Assembly Processing,"
Proc. NEPCON West 2000 Conf. (Feb. 28 - Mar. 2,
2000) Anaheim, CA (Source Indium Corp.)N.-C.
Lee, "Lead-Free Chip-Scale Soldering of
Packages," Chip Scale Review, March-April
2000Many of the above are Patented
compositions may require licensing or royalty
agreements before use.
36
(No Transcript)
37
Component Suppliers Timeline for Pb free
Changeover

• Impact
• Tracking and distributing communications from
  suppliers on ROHS EOL to all affected parties.
• Tracking ROHS compliant and non-compliant parts
  separately in Mfg lines.
• ECN volume increase as manufacturers migrate and
  obsolete parts in favor of ROHS parts.
• Requests for last time buys.
• Only ROHS components on new design, re-spins.

• Impact
• Phase-out accelerates, broker mkt demand for old
  parts will cause pricing pressure
• Likely lead time/fulfillment issues as mfg focus
  shifts to ROHS compliant parts.

Obsolescence Risks, Component Rollovers
38
Lead Free Typical EMS Timeline
Jan 2006
April 2005
July 2006

• Production Ramp

• Lead Free Process Defined
• Training Complete and Process Qualified

Nov 2004
July 2005

• Mixed Technology

• Qualification Plans Defined or Complete

• Manufacturing Processes

• Ability to monitor material compliance

• Mfg systems in place

Defined.
Jan 2005

• Supply chain notified

• Capability to convert BOM , find alternates (
  Offered by SCI , Jabil , Plexus ..)

• Pilot/Qualification samples.

• Challenges
• CM Pb-Free Process Defined Celestica, Jabil,
  Plexus, Flextronix, etc working in sync
• Most EMS will charge for service of Scrubbing
  BOM, converting design to Pb Free
• Qualification / Validation responsibility ?

39
Covered Equipment

• Categories of electrical and electronic equipment
  covered by
• RoHS, Annex IA

• Large household appliances
• Small household appliances
• IT and telecommunications equipment
• Consumer equipment
• Lighting equipment
• Electrical and electronic tools (with the
  exception of large-scale stationary industrial
  tools)
• Toys, leisure and sports equipment
• Medical devices (with the exception of all
  implanted and infected products)
• Monitoring and control instruments
• Automatic dispensers

40

• RoHS Definition of Equipment falling into
  scope
• Equipment, which
• Is dependent on electric current or
  electromagnetic fields in order to work properly
  (electric current or electromagnetic fields as
  primary energy), and equipment for the
  generation, transfer and measurement of such
  currents and fields, and
• Is covered by the categories set out in annex I
  A, and
• is listed in annex I B (examples for the
  categories), and
• Is designed for use with a voltage rating not
  exceeding 1000 Volt for alternating current and
  1500 Volt for direct current, and
• Is not a product which is intended for
  specifically military purposes, and
• Is not part of another type of equipment that
  does not fall under the scope of the directive

41
Appendices
42
Sustainability Aspects Appendix Actual Study
Data Example

• Assume Microcontroller is Special Consumer
• For Digital and other ICs dont use Type
  attributes

Add 5 years to correct
43
Obsolescence Table Example

• Sample calculations for a few suspect ICs
  (Present Date p 2000.8)
• In this case, the present date was subtracted
  from the window points and any negative value
  means there is a potential issue